References

Souza-Silva E, Stein T, Mascarin LZ, Dornelles FN, Bicca MA, Tonussi CR (2020) Intra-articular injection of 2-pyridylethylamine produces spinal NPY-mediated antinociception in the formalin-induced rat knee-joint pain model. Brain Res 1735:146757. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146757 PMID: 32135147

Objective: To investigate the participation of spinal NPY in the antinociceptive effect produced by 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PEA).

Summary: These data support the idea that antinociception induced by H1R agonists in the knee-joint of rats may be mediated by the spinal release of NPY, and this peptide seems to be acting via Y1R.

Usage: IT pretreatment with NPY-SAP (750 ng) reduced immunoblotting for Y1R in spinal cord homogenates.

Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)

Vasquez JH, Borniger JC (2020) Neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of hyperglycemia in cancer. Endocrinology 161(5):bqaa047. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa047 PMID: 32193527

Summary: Ablation of norepinephrine containing projections to the arcuate (via Anti-DBH-SAP injections) alters AgRP and neuropeptide (NPY) concentrations, leading to impairments in hypoglycemic (glucoprivic) or ghrelin-induced feeding.

Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP (bilateral 42-ng intracranial injections) was used in rats to investigate the role of hindbrain catecholamine afferents in increased ARC NPY and AgRP gene expression.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

See Also:

• Fraley GS et al. Immunolesion of norepinephrine and epinephrine afferents to medial hypothalamus alters basal and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology 144(1):75-83, 2003.

Harris RBS (2020) Loss of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the hindbrain decreases forebrain leptin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318(5):E806-E816. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2020

Objective: This study tested whether loss of hindbrain leptin receptor signaling changed sensitivity to forebrain leptin.

Summary: Loss of VMH (ventromedial nucleus of hippocampus) leptin receptor-expressing cells prevents weight loss. The integrated response between the hindbrain and forebrain is heavily dependent upon leptin activity in the VMH.

Usage: To test forebrain leptin sensitivity Leptin-SAP and Blank-SAP rats received third ventricle injections of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 μg leptin.

Related Products: Leptin-SAP (Cat. #IT-47), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Silva JDN, Oliveira LM, Souza FC, Moreira TS, Takakura AC (2020) GABAergic neurons of the medullary raphe regulate active expiration during hypercapnia. J Neurophysiol 123(5):1933-1943. doi: 0.1152/jn.00698.2019 PMID: 32267190

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the medullary raphe, a region known to be involved in breathing, also contributes to expiratory activity under hypercapnic conditions.

Summary: Depletion of serotonergic neurons with Anti-SERT-SAP (IT-23) injections into raphe obscurus (ROb) and magnus (RMg) did not increase the amplitude of abdominal activity during hypercapnia. These results show that the presumably GABAergic neurons within the RMg and ROb may be the inhibitory source to modulate the activity of the parafacial respiratory group during hypercapnia condition.

Usage: Intraparenchymal injections of Anti-SERT-SAP (IT-23) were injected into ROb or RMg at (10 µg/µl).

Related Products: Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23)

Wang X, Meng H, Wang Q, Shao M, Lu W, Chen X, Jiang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Tu P (2020) Baoyuan decoction ameliorates apoptosis via AT1-CARP signaling pathway in H9C2 cells and heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction rats. J Ethnopharmacol 252:112536. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112536 PMID: 31931161

Objective: To elucidate whether Baoyuan decoction (BYD) ameliorates apoptosis to protect against heart failure via the AT1-Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) signaling pathway.

Summary: BYD improves cardiac function and protects against cardiomyocytes injury by inhibiting apoptosis via regulating the AT1-CARP signaling pathway.

Usage: Western blot (1:1000)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Hasegawa H, Selway R, Gnoni V, Beniczky S, Williams SCR, Kryger M, Ferini-Strambi L, Goadsby P, Leschziner GD, Ashkan K, Rosenzweig I (2020) The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia?. Sleep Med Rev 52:101317. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101317

Summary: Complete BF lesion with OX-SAP leads to coma-like state and flat EEG, reduced Fos in cerebral cortex (but high Fos in brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus) selective (cholinergic or non-cholinergic) lesion does not have this effect.

Usage: Lesions of the basal forebrain were done by injecting a 0.1% solution of Orexin-SAP at four different sites.

See: Fuller P et al. Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system. J Comp Neurol 519(5):933-956, 2011.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Moshirpour M, Nakashima AS, Sehn N, Smith VM, Thackray SE, Dyck RH, Antle MC (2020) Examination of zinc in the circadian system. Neuroscience 432:15-29. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.016 PMID: 32087262

Objective: To examine the anatomical and functional aspects of zinc in the circadian system.

Summary: Neither enhancement nor chelation of free zinc at either the SCN or IGL altered circadian responses to phase-shifting light in hamsters.

Usage: Retinal immunohistochemistry (1:5000) included a 20-min wash in 4% PFA prior to initiation of the IHC protocol.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Rocha-Santos C, Braga DC, Ceroni A, Michelini LC (2020) Activity-dependent neuroplastic changes in autonomic circuitry modulating cardiovascular control: The essential role of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors signaling. 11:309. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00309 PMID: 32328002

Objective: To investigate whether baroreceptors’ and chemoreceptors’ signaling are able to drive neuronal plasticity within medullary and supramedullary pathways controlling autonomic outflow.

Summary: The data indicated that afferent inputs conveyed by arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are the main stimuli to drive both inactivity-induced and activity-dependent neuroplasticity within the autonomic circuitry.

Usage: Bilateral microinjections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat #IT-03) at a dose of 21 ng/100 nL were made into the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Zhou G, Li J, Zeng T, Yang P, Li A (2020) The regulation effect of WNT-RAS signaling in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on renal fibrosis. J Nephrol 33(2):289-297. doi: 10.1007/s40620-019-00637-8 PMID: 31392659

Objective: To investigate whether abnormal expression of central wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system (WNT-RAS signaling) was tightly involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Summary: These data suggest that the central WNT-RAS signaling plays a significant role in the development and progression of CKD.

Usage: immunohistochemistry and western blot

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

El-Ariny AF, El-Garem YF, Eid AA, Donia HM, Aly RG, Abdelmeniem IM (2020) Seminal levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression on spermatozoa in varicocele patients: Relation to fertility status. Andrologia 52(3):e13513. doi: 10.1111/and.13513 PMID: 31989676

Objective: To study the levels of angiotensin II in semen and angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression on spermatozoa in varicocele patients in relation to their fertility status and to evaluate the influence of varicocelectomy on their levels in infertile varicocele patients.

Summary: Dysregulation of angiotensin II and angiotensin II type 2 receptor in varicocele patients may be involved in varicocele-related infertility.

Usage: Immunocytochemistry (1:15)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)