References

Sangartit W, Ha KB, Lee ES, Kim HM, Kukongviriyapan U, Lee EY, Chung CH (2021) Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates kidney injury and high systolic blood pressure in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 36(4):810-822. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.988 PMID: 34474516

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THU) on intrarenal RAS expression, kidney injury, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic mice.

Summary: THU alleviated kidney injury in mice with HFD-induced type 2 diabetes, possibly by blunting the activation of the intrarenal RAS/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase IV (NOX4)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) axis and by lowering the high SBP.

Usage: Western Blot (1:1000)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)

Han D, Shi Y, Han F (2022) The effects of orexin-A and orexin receptors on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a male rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Comp Neurol 530(3):592-606. doi: 10.1002/cne.25231

Objective: To determine the role of the orexin system in mediating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in PTSD.

Summary: Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A alleviated behavioral changes in a PTSD rat model and partly restored the increased levels of OX1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These results suggest that the orexin system plays a role in the anxiety- and depression-related symptoms observed in PTSD.

See: Kaur S et al. Hypocretin-2 saporin lesions of the ventrolateral periaquaductal gray (vlPAG) increase REM sleep in hypocretin knockout mice. PLoS One 4:e6346, 2009.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Dookwah M, Wagner SK, Ishihara M, Yu SH, Ulrichs H, Kulik MJ, Zeltner N, Dalton S, Strauss KA, Aoki K, Steet R, Tiemeyer M (2021) Neural-specific alterations in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and cell signaling associated with two human ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency variants. bioRxiv 2021.07.29.454399. doi: 10.1101/2021.07.29.454399

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Mori A, Cross B, Uchida S, Kerrick Walker J, Ristuccia R (2021) How are adenosine and adenosine A2A receptors involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?. Biomedicines 9(8):1027. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027

Objective: To examine potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism, and to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as a target for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) therapy.

Summary: CTB-SAP is listed in a table of experimental animal models of ALS. Intrapleural CTB-SAP injected rats (neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death).

See: Seven YB et al. Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition protects phrenic motor neurons from cell death induced by protein synthesis inhibition. Exp Neurol 323:113067, 2020.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Benassi SK, Alves JGSM, Guidoreni CG, Massant CG, Queiroz CM, Garrido-Sanabria E, Loduca RDS, Susemihl MA, Paiva WS, de Andrade AF, Teixeira MJ, Andrade JQ, Garzon E, Foresti ML, Mello LE (2021) Two decades of research towards a potential first anti-epileptic drug. Seizure 90:99-109. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.02.031 PMID: 33714677

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of biperiden in preventing the development of epilepsy in patients that suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI), in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Summary: Biperiden, a selective M1 anti-muscarinic drug, presented disease-modifying actions in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. The presented evidence from epilepsy models gives further support to the authors’ strategy to concentrate efforts on anti-cholinergic compounds, rather than on classical anti-seizure drugs.

Usage: An i.c.v. injection into the right lateral ventricle of 5μL of 192-IgG-SAP (IT-01) at a 0.85 μg/μL concentration.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Bloch JS, Sequeira JM, Ramírez AS, Quadros EV, Locher KP (2021) Generation of nanobodies targeting the human, transcobalamin-mediated vitamin B12 uptake route. bioRxiv 2021.08.16.456495. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.16.456495

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Llorca-Torralba M, Camarena-Delgado C, Suárez-Pereira I, Bravo L, Mariscal P, Garcia-Partida JA, López-Martín C, Wei H, Pertovaara A, Mico JA, Berrocoso E (2022) Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons. Brain 145(1):154-167. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab239

Summary: There is strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression. This study explores how this comorbidity occurs. The authors refer to published research that shows icv administration of anti-DBH-SAP or intra-LC administration of lidocaine dampened the evoked pain in conditions of long-term nerve-injury. However, icv injection of anti-DBH-SAP disrupts all noradrenergic nuclei (A1-A7), some of which contribute to sensorial hypersensitivity.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

See Also:

• Brightwell JJ et al. Noradrenergic Neurons in the Locus Coeruleus Contribute to Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 160:174-185, 2009.
• Marques-Lopes J et al. The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 1325:41-52, 2010.

Yue XF, Wang AZ, Hou YP, Fan K (2021) Effects of propofol on sleep architecture and sleep-wake systems in rats. Behav Brain Res 411:113380. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113380

Objective: To characterize the effects of propofol on the profile of sleep–wake states and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density in rats following intraperitoneal injection.

Summary: The high dose of propofol produced high-quality sleep by increasing SWS2, whereas the medium dose produced fragmented and low-quality sleep by disrupting the continuity of wakefulness.

Usage: Bilateral injection of Orexin-SAP (92 and 184 ng/ml, 0.25 ml in the ventral tegmental area and 0.5 ml in the substantia nigra) of rats induced insomnia, as well as hyperactivity and stereotypic movements

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

See Also:

• Gerashchenko D et al. Insomnia following hypocretin2-saporin lesions of the substantia nigra. Neuroscience 137(1):29-36, 2006.

Meng H, Du Z, Lu W, Wang Q, Sun X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li C, Tu P (2021) Baoyuan decoction (BYD) attenuates cardiac hypertrophy through ANKRD1-ERK/GATA4 pathway in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Phytomedicine 89:153617. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153617 PMID: 34157504

Objective: To explore whether BYD plays a protective role against heart failure (HF) by attenuating cardiac hypertrophy (CH) via the ANKRD1-ERK/GATA4 pathway.

Summary: BYD ameliorates CH and improves HF through the ANKRD1-ERK/GATA4 pathway, providing a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of HF.

Usage: Western Blot

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

de Almeida AS, Bernardes LB, Trevisan G (2021) TRP channels in cancer pain. Eur J Pharmacol 904:174185. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174185 PMID: 34015320

Objective: To describe the role of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) involved in cancer pain mechanisms.

Summary: Several studies have revealed that the administration of TRPV1 or TRPA1 agonists/antagonists and TRPV1 or TRPA1 knockdown reduced sensitivity to nociception in cancer pain models. Thus, TRP channels are potential targets for managing cancer-related pain syndromes.

Usage: Ablation of IB4 (+) neurons.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

See Also:

• Ye Y et al. IB4(+) and TRPV1(+) sensory neurons mediate pain but not proliferation in a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma. Behav Brain Funct 10(1):5, 2014.