References

Lu W, Wang Q, Sun X, He H, Wang Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li C (2019) Qishen Granule improved cardiac remodeling via balancing M1 and M2 macrophages. Front Pharmacol 10:1399. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01399 PMID: 31824322

Objective: To explore the effect of Qishen Granule (QSG) on the release of splenic monocytes, the recruitment of monocytes into heart tissues and the differentiation of macrophages under ischemic conditions.

Summary: Compounds of Chinese medicine have synergistic effects on cardiac and splenic organs through regulating differentiation of monocytes/macrophages in inhibiting myocardial remodeling.

Usage: Western blot

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Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Del Rio R (2019) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreflex elicits long-term breathing disorders and autonomic imbalance in heart failure rats. Eur Respir J 54(suppl 63):OA4936. doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.OA4936

Objective: To determine the role of CC in the development of cardiorespiratory dysfunction in a HF model.

Summary: Rats were exposed to pisodic hypercapnic stimulation (EHS) The effects of EHS in rats with heart failure were attenuated by SSP-SAP treatment.

Usage: Selective destruction of chemoreceptor neurons within the retrotapezoid nucleus (RTN) was performed via SSP-SAP injections (0.6 ng/30 nL).

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Zurlo G, Liu X, Takada M, Fan C, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Rodriguez J, von Kriegsheim A, Liu J, Locasale JW, Robinson A, Zhang J, Holler JM, Kim B, Zikánová M, Bierau J, Xie L, Chen X, Li M, Perou CM, Zhang Q (2019) Prolyl hydroxylase substrate adenylosuccinate lyase is an oncogenic driver in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 10(1):5177. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13168-4 PMID: 31729379

Objective: To investigate the role of ADSL hydroxylation in controlling cMYC and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumorigenesis.

Summary: ADSL regulates cMYC protein level through adenosine levels and leads to downstream metabolic changes and breast cancer cell proliferation. ADSL is essential for TNBC cell growth and invasiveness and contributes to TNBC breast tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo.

Usage: Western blot

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Tominaga M, Kusube F, Honda K, Komiya E, Takahashi N, Naito H, Suga Y, Takamori K (2019) OP11: Role of spinal cholecystokinin receptor 2 in alloknesis models. Itch 4:1-62. doi: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000030

Objective: To determine the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms that induce alloknesis via the spinal CCK2 receptor.

Summary: Ablation of spinal CCK receptor-expressing cells by i.t. injection of CCK-SAP attenuated CCK8S-induced alloknesis in comparison with Blank-SAP control mice.

Usage: Intrathecal injection

Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Ueda H (2019) Systems pathology of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Biol Pharm Bull 42(11):1773-1782. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00535

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Herman JP (2020) Corticolimbic stress regulatory circuits, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical adaptation, and resilience. Chen A (Ed.): Stress Resilience 291-309. Academic Press doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-813983-7.00019-7

Summary: Review. Immunolesion of paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-projecting norepinephrine (NE) neurons with Anti-DBH-SAP attenuates acute stress reactivity (interestingly, to restraint), but it does not inhibit somatic or HPA axis responses to stress in any simple way (Flak et al.). PVN-projecting NE neurons appear to be responsible for acute responses to systemic stressors, but they do not appear to be important in mediating effects of chronic stress (Ritter et al.).

Usage: Flak et al. injected 8.82 ng of Anti-DBH-SAP into the PVN. Ritter et al. injected 42 ng into the PVN.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

See Also:

• Flak J et al. Role of paraventricular nucleus-projecting norepinephrine/epinephrine neurons in acute and chronic stress. Eur J Neurosci 39:1903-1911, 2014.
• Ritter S et al. Immunotoxin lesion of hypothalamically projecting norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons differentially affects circadian and stressor-stimulated corticosterone secretion. Endocrinology 144(4):1357-1367, 2003.

Kiuchi MG, Chen S, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP (2019) Renal denervation for treating congenital long QT syndrome: Shortening the QT interval or modulating sympathetic tone?. Europace 21(11):1755-1756. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz251

Summary: Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons (TACSN) through CTB-SAP injection in the left stellate ganglion (LSG), inhibited its activation, improved sympathetic remodelling, and restored cardiac autonomic balance.

See: Xiong L et al. Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons improves ventricular electrical remodelling in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Europace 20(12):2036-2044, 2018.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Li X (2019) Light stimulation into dorsal raphe nucleus contributes to antidepressant effect for a stressed rat model. bioRxiv 821421. doi: 10.1101/821421 PMID: 0

Usage: immunohisochemistry (1:500)

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Abd El‐Rahman SS, Fayed HM (2019) Targeting AngII/AT1R signaling pathway by perindopril inhibits ongoing liver fibrosis in rat. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13:2131-2141. doi: 10.1002/term.2940 PMID: 31348596

Usage: IHC (1:100)

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Truckenbrod LM, Bumanglag AV, Chun E, Hernandez A, Federico QP, Maurer AP, Sloviter RS, Burke SN (2019) Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation produces hippocampal sclerosis, epilepsy, and dissociable effects on the Morris water maze and object-place paired association tasks. Neuroscience 2019 Abstracts 158.03. Society for Neuroscience, Chicago, IL.

Summary: An epileptogenic role for hippocampal GABAergic dysfunction has recently been reported (Chun et al. 2019). Specifically, selective ablation of hippocampal GABA neurons by Stable Substance P-saporin (SSP-saporin) conjugate caused dorsal hippocampal sclerosis and chronic epilepsy, without involving convulsive status epilepticus or widespread brain injury. The current study assessed cognitive function in chronically epileptic SSP-saporin-treated rats and their vehicle-injected controls ~8 months following injection. First, rats completed the Morris Water Maze test of spatial learning and memory (Morris et al., 1982). Animals then underwent testing with the object-place paired association (OPPA) task, which requires the hippocampus as well as functional connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas (Jo and Lee, 2010; Hernandez et al., 2017), and then a simple object discrimination task. Interestingly, both controls and rats with dorsal hippocampal sclerosis and chronic epilepsy were able to learn the location of the hidden platform in the Morris Water Maze task and could also acquire a simple pair-wise object discrimination. However, epileptic rats with dorsal hippocampal sclerosis were significantly impaired on the OPPA task, which requires animals to integrate spatial location memory with a correct object choice and is a more sensitive measure of cognitive dysfunction (Hernandez et al., 2015). These data indicate that, similar to humans with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, selective hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy in this model do not result in global cognitive decline. Rather, cognitive functions that require functional connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas are selectively affected.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

ATS Poster of the Year Winner. Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Chun E et al. Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation by stable substance P-saporin causes hippocampal sclerosis and chronic epilepsy in rats. Epilepsia 60(5):e52-e57, 2019.