References

Storozheva ZI, Zakharova EI, Proshin AT (2021) Evaluation of the activity of choline acetyltransferase from different synaptosomal fractions at the distinct stages of spatial learning in the morris water maze. Front Behav Neurosci 15:755373. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.755373

Objective: To examine the role of hippocampal and cortical ACh in the acquisition, consolidation, storage, retention and adaptive flexibility of new, recent and remote memory traces in spatial learning models.

Summary: The application of functional ablation or stimulation techniques is necessary. The approach used can be regarded as one of the possible ways of delineating temporal stages of spatial learning and could be applied in the studies of other signalling pathways.

Usage: Selective loss of septohippocampal and/or corticopetal cholinergic projections has been shown to cause attention deficit.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• McGaughy J et al. Behavioral vigilance following infusions of 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain: selectivity of the behavioral impairment and relation to cortical AChE-positive fiber density. Behav Neurosci 110:247-265, 1996.
• Lehmann O et al. A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666, 2003.

Chaskiel L, Dantzer R, Konsman JP (2021) Brain Perivascular Macrophages Do Not Mediate Interleukin-1-Induced Sickness Behavior in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (basel) 14(10):1030. doi: 10.3390/ph14101030 PMID: 34681254

Objective: To assess the role of brain perivascular macrophages in mediating IL-1β-induced sickness behavior in rats

Summary: Icv IL-1β-saporin administration resulted in a reduction in brain perivascular macrophages, without altering subsequent icv or ip IL-1β-induced reductions in food intake, loco-motor activity, and social interactions. In conclusion, the present work shows that icv IL-1β-saporin administration is an efficient way to target brain perivascular macrophages, and to determine whether these cells are involved in IL-1β-induced sickness behavior.

Usage: intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 1.75μg IL-1β-saporin

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Salwa, LK (2021) Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome. J Control Release 338:837-857. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.007

Objective: This review provides a detailed update on stem cell therapy (SCT) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Summary: What future holds for SCT in the treatment of AD is summarized

Usage: Liu et al. injected 1.5 μg of mu p75-SAP into the medial septum.

See: Liu Y et al. Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits. Nat Biotechnol 31(5):440-447, 2013.

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Berthoud HR, Morrison CD, Ackroff K, Sclafani A (2021) Learning of food preferences: mechanisms and implications for obesity & metabolic diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 45(10):2156-2168. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00894-3

Objective: This review focuses on postoral nutrient sensing and signaling as an essential part of the reward system that shapes preferences for the associated flavors of foods.

Summary: There is a critical role for the vagal gut-to-brain axis in motivation and reward. An implication for obesity treatment is that bariatric surgery may alter vagal function.

Usage: Han et al. injected 0.5 µl of CCK-SAP (250 ng/µl) into the R-NG of VGlut2-ires-Cre mice.

See: Han W et al. A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell 175:665-678, 2018.

Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)

Nobili L, Beniczky S, Eriksson SH, Romigi A, Ryvlin P, Toledo M, Rosenzweig I (2021) Expert Opinion: Managing sleep disturbances in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 124:108341. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108341

Summary: The authors suggest that the dose and timing of antiepileptic medications and other co-medications should always be optimized in order to improve nocturnal sleep and avoid daytime sedation.

See: Hasegawa H et al. The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia?. Sleep Med Rev 52:101317, 2020.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Parent MB, Ferreira-Neto HC, Kruemmel AR, Althammer F, Patel AA, Keo S, Whitley KE, Cox DN, Stern JE (2021) Heart failure impairs mood and memory in male rats and down-regulates the expression of numerous genes important for synaptic plasticity in related brain regions. Behav Brain Res 414:113452. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113452

Objective: To assess the effects of heart failure (HF) on genetic markers of synaptic plasticity in brain areas critical for memory and mood, and to assess the effects of severely reduced ejection fraction (≤40 %) on cognition regulation.

Summary: Collectively, the present findings provide support for the growing consensus that HF is not only a neurohumoral cardiovascular problem but is also a disorder of mood and memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Dobryakova YV et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters expression of microglia-associated genes in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 10:429, 2018.
• Dobryakova YV et al. Cholinergic deficit induced by central administration of 192IgG-Saporin is associated with activation of microglia and cell loss in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. Front Neurosci 13:146, 2019.

Kovler ML, Gonzalez Salazar AJ, Fulton WB, Lu P, Yamaguchi Y, Zhou Q, Sampah M, Ishiyama A, Prindle T Jr, Wang S, Jia H, Wipf P, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ (2021) Toll-like receptor 4-mediated enteric glia loss is critical for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Sci Transl Med 13(612):eabg3459. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3459 PMID: 34550727

Objective: Hypothesized that enteric glia loss in the premature intestine could lead to dysmotility, exaggerated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) development.

Summary: TLR4-induced enteric glia loss leads to experimental NEC through Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) loss, which can be treated with compound ‘J11.’

Usage: Immunofluorescence

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Dobryakova YV, Zaichenko MI, Spivak YS, Stepanichev MY, Markevich VA, Bolshakov AP (2021) Overexpression of nerve growth factor in the hippocampus induces behavioral changes in rats with 192IgG-saporin-induced cholinergic deficit. Neurochem J 15:273-281. doi: 10.1134/S1819712421030028

Summary: Degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons caused by the immunotoxin 192-IgG-SAP produces a model of the pathological state that occurs in Alzheimer’s Disease. This study investigated whether overexpression of NGF in the hippocampus, where septal neurons send their projections, may reduce the consequences of this damage. Data suggest that NGF overexpression in the hippocampus of rats may partly compensate some 192 IgG-SAP-induced impairments related to cholinergic deficit.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP or an equivalent volume of PBS (4 µg/site) was administered bilaterally into the ventricles.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Bhat SA, Fatima Z, Sood A, Shukla R, Hanif K (2021) The protective effects of AT2R agonist, CGP42112A, against angiotensin ii-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in astrocytes: role of AT2R/PP2A/NFκB/ROS signaling. Neurotox Res 39(6):1991-2006. doi: 10.1007/s12640-021-00403-4 PMID: 34529240

Objective: To evaluate the role and molecular mechanism of AT2R agonist CGP against Angiotensin II-induced astrocytic activation in primary astrocytes, and in a rat model of hypertension.

Summary: AT2R activation by CGP abrogated Ang II-induced astrocytic activation, by mitigating the ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, IκB-α degradation, NFκB nuclear translocation, and release of TNF-α in astrocytes.

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)

Tadokoro T, Tanaka K, Osakabe S, Kato M, Kobayashi H, Hogan BLM, Taniguchi H (2021) Dorso-ventral heterogeneity in tracheal basal stem cells. Biol Open 10(9):bio058676. doi: 10.1242/bio.058676 PMID: 34396394

Objective: To determine whether tracheal basal cells (BCs) from the dorso-ventral airways have intrinsic molecular and behavioural differences relevant to their in vivo function.

Summary: This study revealed the differences in the characteristics of BCs based on spatial distribution, and also indicated the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tissue homoeostasis in the trachea. The findings of this study suggest that careful observation is necessary in future research, as the influence of environment on the phenomenon should be considered.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:100)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)