References

Landrigan J, Dwyer Z, Beauchamp S, Rodriguez R, Fortin T, Hayley S (2020) Quantum dot conjugated saporin activates microglia and induces selective substantia nigra degeneration. NeuroToxicology 76:153-161. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.11.007 PMID: 31738977

Objective: To assess the impact of Quantum Dots (QDs) alone and QDs conjugated to Saporin, on substantia nigra microglia and dopamine neurons.

Summary: QDs might be a viable route for toxicant delivery and also have an added advantage of being fluorescently visible. Ultimately, we found SNc neurons to be exceptionally vulnerable to QD-saporin and suggest that this could be a novel targeted approach to model Parkinson’s Disease-like inflammatory pathology.

Usage: Biotin-labeled saporin chicken polyclonal was mixed with QDs coated with streptavidin. 2  μl of QDs (1 μM) were mixed with 2  μL of biotinylated saporin (56 μM) and 76  μL of phosphate buffer solution was added.

Related Products: Saporin Chicken Polyclonal, affinity-purified biotin-labeled (Cat. #AB-17APBT)

Liu X, Miao XH, Liu T (2020) More than scratching the surface: recent progress in brain mechanisms underlying itch and scratch. Neurosci Bull 36(1):85-88. doi: 10.1007/s12264-019-00352-1

Summary: The discovery of descending neural circuitry to drive the itch-scratching cycle may provide potential therapeutic targets in the central nervous system for the management of chronic itch.

Usage: To ablate the spinal GRPR+ neurons, mice were intrathecally injected with Bombesin-SAP or Blank-SAP (400 ng/5 mL).

See: Gao ZR et al. Tac1-Expressing Neurons in the Periaqueductal Gray Facilitate the Itch-Scratching Cycle via Descending Regulation. Neuron 101(1):45-59.e9, 2019.

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40)

Moreira da Silva Santos A, Gorman AM, Kelly JP, Doyle KM (2020) Time and region-dependent manner of increased brain derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in rat brain after binge-like methamphetamine exposure. Neurosci Lett 715:134606. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134606 PMID: 31693929

Objective: To investigate the effect of binge-like methamphetamine (MA) dosing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and its receptors, trkB and p75NTR.

Summary: The binge-like regimen of MA affects expression of BDNF and its receptors, particularly the trkB receptor, in a time and region dependent manner, and highlights the importance of the frontal cortex and the striatum in the response following MA binge-like dosing.

Usage: Western blot (1:1000) NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Su Y, Zhang X, Bidlingmaier S, Behrens CR, Lee NK, Liu B (2020) ALPPL2 is a highly specific and targetable tumor cell surface antigen. Cancer Res 80(20):4552-4564. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1418 PMID: 32868383

Objective: To evaluate therapeutic potential of ALPPL2 targeting.

Summary: Exquisite tissue specificity and broad tumor type coverage suggest that ALPPL2 could be an excellent cell surface target for therapeutic development against mesothelioma.

Usage: Biotinylated M25 IgG1 and Streptavidin-ZAP were mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Seven YB, Simon AK, Sajjadi E, Zwick A, Satriotomo I, Mitchell GS (2020) Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition protects phrenic motor neurons from cell death induced by protein synthesis inhibition. Exp Neurol 323:113067. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113067

Objective: To test the hypothesis that A2A receptor antagonism promotes phrenic motor neuron survival and preserves diaphragm function when faced with toxic, neurodegenerative insults that lead to phrenic motor neuron death.

Summary: The authors utilized a novel neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death using intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP. A2A receptors contribute to neurotoxic phrenic motor neuron death, an effect mitigated by A2A receptor antagonism.

Usage: Intrapleural administration of CTB-SAP (25 μg per side) causes: 1) profound phrenic motor neuron death (~5% survival); 2) ~7-fold increase in phrenic motor neuron A2A receptor expression prior to cell death; and 3) diaphragm muscle paralysis (inactive in most rats; ~7% residual diaphragm EMG amplitude during room air breathing).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Zhao Q, Zheng K, Ma C, Li J, Zhuo L, Huang W, Chen T, Jiang Y (2020) Ptps facilitates compartmentalized LTBP1 S-nitrosylation and promotes tumor growth under hypoxia. Mol Cell 77(1):95-107.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.018 PMID: 31628042

Objective: To investigate whether there is a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of LTBP1-TGF-b signaling by the BH4-biosynthesis pathway.

Summary: GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), and sepiapterin reductase (SR) are sequentially responsible for de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a known cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). PTPS metabolic activity is required for colorectal tumor cell growth under hypoxia.

Usage: Immunoblotting

Related Products: NO-L-Cysteine Mouse Monoclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T125)

Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Schultz HD, Silva JN, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R (2020) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreceptor neurons elicits disordered breathing and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 318(1):L27-L40. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2019

Objective: To determine the role of the central chemoreflex in the development of respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure (HF).

Summary: Episodic hypercapnic stimulation triggers ventilatory plasticity and elicits cardiorespiratory abnormalities in HF that are largely dependent on retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) chemoreceptor neurons.

Usage: Bilateral injections of SSP-SAP, 0.6 ng/30 nL, into the RTN were administered to destroy chemoreceptor neurons.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Patrone LGA, Capalbo AC, Marques DA, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH (2020) An age- and sex-dependent role of catecholaminergic neurons in the control of breathing and hypoxic chemoreflex during postnatal development. Brain Res 1726:146508. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146508

Objective: To discover the role of brainstem catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR).

Summary: Brainstem CA neurons modulate the HVR during the postnatal phase, and possibly thermoregulation during hypoxia.

Usage: Evaluation of brainstem CA neurons in the HVR during postnatal development in male and female rats through specific cell depletion with Anti-DBH-SAP (420 ng/nL) injected in the fourth ventricle.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Shin J, Kong C, Lee J, Choi BY, Sim J, Koh CS, Park M, Na YC, Suh SW, Chang WS, Chang JW (2019) Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in a cholinergic degeneration dementia rat model. Alzheimers Res Ther 11(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0569-x

Objective: To investigate the decrease of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Summary: This work studied the effect of FUS on AHN in a cholinergic degeneration rat model of dementia.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricle (4 μl at a concentration of 0.63 μg/μl at a rate of 1 μl/min).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wensley HJ, Johnston DA, Smith WS, Holmes SE, Flavell SU, Flavell DJ (2019) A flow cytometric method to quantify the endosomal escape of a protein toxin to the cytosol of target cells. Pharm Res 37(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s11095-019-2725-1 PMID: 31873810