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Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns.
Kanold PO, Kara P, Reid RC, Shatz CJ (2003) Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns. Science 301(5632):521-525. doi: 10.1126/science.1084152
Summary: Subplate neurons play a role in the development of connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The authors used 0.5-µl injections of 0.25-1.0 mg/ml of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) to eliminate p75 receptor-positive neurons in the subplate of cats to investigate whether these neurons are involved in the organization and maturation of the visual cortex. This study also uses mouse IgG-saporin (Cat. #IT-18) as a control.
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
The role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in T-maze rewarded alternation.
Kirby BP, Rawlins JN (2003) The role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in T-maze rewarded alternation. Behav Brain Res 143(1):41-48. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00005-6
Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been used extensively to lesion cholinergic projections to the medial septum from the hippocampal region. It is not yet clear how post-lesion neural regeneration may affect the results. The authors used four 50-ng injections of 192-Saporin to investigate effects prior to any suspected neural regeneration. Significant microglia activation, loss of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, and a clear inflammatory response were observed; but there was no impairment of spatial working memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Featured Article: A new immunotoxin for targeting dopaminergic neurons
Lappi DA (2003) Featured Article: A new immunotoxin for targeting dopaminergic neurons. Targeting Trends 4(3)
Related Products: Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25)
Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli.
Vierck CJ, Kline RH, Wiley RG (2003) Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli. Neuroscience 119(1):223-232. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00125-8
Summary: Administration of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) eliminates sensitization of nocifensive reflexes. The authors investigate whether SP-SAP elimination of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the lumbar spinal cord affects nociceptive sensitivity in general, or preferentially affects nociception dependent on spinal and brainstem, or cerebral processing. Rats treated with spinal intrathecal injections of 175 ng of SP-SAP showed attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, and no secondary hyperalgesia, while innate reflexes were unaffected by SP-SAP treatment.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Behavioral patterns under cholinergic control during development: lessons learned from the selective immunotoxin 192 IgG saporin.
Ricceri L (2003) Behavioral patterns under cholinergic control during development: lessons learned from the selective immunotoxin 192 IgG saporin. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27(4):377-384. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00068-x
Summary: The author reviews the effects of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) neonatal lesions (0.42 µg in each hemisphere) on the cholinergic basal forebrain system in rats. Short-term effects are seen in pups in learning tasks, as well as ultrasound vocalizations. Longer term effects are seen in task-specific behaviors. Data suggest that the extent of these effects are linked to the attentional load of the task. The age of the animal when lesioned may also play a role in the extent of the deficits caused by 192-Saporin; studies show that early in the first week of life is a particularly vulnerable period.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Neonatal 192 IgG-saporin lesion of forebrain cholinergic neurons: focus on the life span?
Pappas BA, Sherren N (2003) Neonatal 192 IgG-saporin lesion of forebrain cholinergic neurons: focus on the life span?. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27(4):365-376. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00067-8
Summary: In this review, the authors discuss the use of 192-Saporin in the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders, and propose that the effects of these lesions are amplified as the animal ages and experiences normal age-related synapse loss.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Macrophage-derived IL-18 targeting for the treatment of Crohn’s disease.
Kanai T, Uraushihara K, Okazawa A, Hibi T, Watanabe M (2003) Macrophage-derived IL-18 targeting for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2(2):131-136. doi: 10.2174/1568010033484250
Summary: A single intravenous injection of Mac-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-06) significantly reduced the amount of intestinal inflammation in a 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)
Lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system impair task acquisition and abolish cortical plasticity associated with motor skill learning.
Conner JM, Culberson A, Packowski C, Chiba AA, Tuszynski MH (2003) Lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system impair task acquisition and abolish cortical plasticity associated with motor skill learning. Neuron 38(5):819-829. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00288-5
Summary: Neuronal plasticity has been associated with normal learning. The authors wished to investigate the role of the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) system in learning motor skills. Rats received bilateral 95-ng injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) in either the medial septum, the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, or both. The results indicate that lesioned animals, with many aspects of attention still preserved, are unable to adapt attention to meet the demands of a particular task. The authors conclude that the CBF system may be implicated in learning forms that require plasticity of cortical representations.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
A role for the basal forebrain cholinergic system in estrogen-induced disinhibition of hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Rudick CN, Gibbs RB, Woolley CS (2003) A role for the basal forebrain cholinergic system in estrogen-induced disinhibition of hippocampal pyramidal cells. J Neurosci 23(11):4479-4490. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04479.2003
Summary: Estrogen plays a strong regulatory role in control of synaptic input to the hippocampus of female rats. Injection of 0.22 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) directly into the medial septum eliminated NGFr-positive cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, producing evidence that estrogen-induced disinhibition is partially dependent on these neurons. GABAergic synapses were also found to be involved in this system.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Distinct roles of P2X receptors in modulating glutamate release at different primary sensory synapses in rat spinal cord.
Nakatsuka T, Tsuzuki K, Ling JX, Sonobe H, Gu JG (2003) Distinct roles of P2X receptors in modulating glutamate release at different primary sensory synapses in rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 89(6):3243-3252. doi: 10.1152/jn.01172.2002
Summary: P2X receptors are important modulating neurons in the spinal cord. These authors used IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) to target a neuronal subset, those neurons expressing P2X3 receptors. 2 µg of IB4-SAP were injected directly into the sciatic nerve on one side. Histological examination showed efficient removal of IB4 and P2X3-staining ipsilaterally in the dorsal horn outer laminae. Behavioral experiments showed intact modulation of glutamate release in the absence of P2X3-positive neurons, indicating involvement by other P2X neurons.
Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)