References

Gardell LR, Vanderah TW, Gardell SE, Wang R, Ossipov MH, Lai J, Porreca F (2003) Enhanced evoked excitatory transmitter release in experimental neuropathy requires descending facilitation. J Neurosci 23(23):8370-8379. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08370.2003

Summary: The authors examine whether afferent discharge produced by nerve injury and central changes in experimental neuropathic pain might interact at the spinal level. Rats were treated with 48 ng of dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) and various markers for neuropathic pain were evaluated. The results link several consequences of the post-injury state, including support for increased afferent input as a driving force for neuropathic pain.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Gadd CA, Murtra P, De Felipe C, Hunt SP (2003) Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the amygdala modulate morphine reward and anxiety behaviors in the mouse. J Neurosci 23(23):8271-8280. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08271.2003

Summary: Mice lacking the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor are insensitive to opiates in models of drug abuse. To assess what areas of the brain may be involved in this process, the authors used 1.0-µl injections of 1.0 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) to eliminate NK-1 receptor-positive neurons in the nucleus accumbens, dorsomedial caudate putamen or amygdala of mice. Only mice with amygdala lesions displayed behavior comparable to NK-1 receptor knockout mice—increase in anxiety-like behavior, reduction in stimulant effect of morphine. These data suggest that the amygdala plays an important role in anxiety behaviors and the response to opiates.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Scattoni ML, Calamandrei G, Ricceri L (2003) Neonatal cholinergic lesions and development of exploration upon administration of the GABAa receptor agonist muscimol in preweaning rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76(2):213-221. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00191-6

Summary: The authors investigated GABAergic development in young rats lesioned with two 0.42-ng injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the third ventricle. The rats were then treated with the GABA agonist muscimol chloride and observed during locomotor and exploration tests. No change was noted in GABAergic agonist reactivity in lesioned animals.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Birthelmer A, Lazaris A, Riegert C, Marques Pereira P, Koenig J, Jeltsch H, Jackisch R, Cassel JC (2003) Does the release of acetylcholine in septal slices originate from intrinsic cholinergic neurons bearing p75NTR receptors? A study using 192 IgG-saporin lesions in rats. Neuroscience 122(4):1059-1071. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.09.001

Summary: The authors used 0.8 µg injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca to investigate whether release of acetylcholine was due to neurons expressing the p75 NTR.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Cadiacio CL, Milner TA, Gallagher M, Pierce JP (2003) Hilar neuropeptide Y interneuron loss in the aged rat hippocampal formation. Exp Neurol 183(1):147-158. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00126-2

Summary: The authors investigate the loss of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-I) interneurons in the dentate gyrus of aged rats. Their results show a loss of a select group of interneurons in these animals. The behavioral as well as structural changes correlated with the results of previous studies on young rats treated with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). NPY-I neurons may therefore be affected by age-related losses of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wu M, Newton SS, Atkins JB, Xu C, Duman RS, Alreja M (2003) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors activate septohippocampal GABAergic neurons via muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 307(2):535-543. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.052514 PMID: 12966162

Related Products: 192-IgG Mouse Monoclonal, Cy3-labeled (Cat. #AB-N43FL3)

Wiley RG, Lappi DA (2003) Targeted toxins in pain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55(8):1043-1054. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00102-9

Summary: The authors discuss the use of ‘molecular neurosurgery’ in the study of nociception. Applications using targeted toxins, which include immunotoxins, protein-toxin conjugates, or peptide-toxin conjugates, are illustrated. The authors describe the use of these molecules as research tools, as well as their potential for therapeutics. A helpful table is included that lists neuronal surface markers and class of cells targeted for each targeted toxin. Reagents discussed: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), and acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), Acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08)

Levita L, Mania I, Rainnie DG (2003) Subtypes of substance P receptor immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. Brain Res 981(1-2):41-51. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02870-1

Summary: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) has been used to lesion substance P receptor (SPr)-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but the interneuron subgroups targeted by SP-SAP in the BLA have not yet been defined. The authors used dual-labeling immunofluorescence to examine SPr colocalization with calbindin-D28K, parvalbumin, calretinin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). All neurons in the BLA that express NPY also express the SPr and therefore SP-SAP, which specifically eliminates SP receptor-positive neurons is a useful tool to study the role of NPY in the BLA.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Lehmann O, Grottick AJ, Cassel JC, Higgins GA (2003) A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02745.x

Summary: Using 0.4-µl injections containing 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into either the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, or both, the authors examined the contributions of the p75 receptor-positive neurons on cognitive function in rats. Data indicate there is a functional dissociation between the two pathways in attention and memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Mistlberger RE, Antle MC, Kilduff TS, Jones M (2003) Food- and light-entrained circadian rhythms in rats with hypocretin-2-saporin ablations of the lateral hypothalamus. Brain Res 980(2):161-168. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02755-0

Summary: Food-anticipatory behaviors in mammals can follow circadian rhythms entrained by daily feeding schedules. Lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons express hypocretin (also known as orexin) receptors, therefore rats were treated with four 500-ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) to eliminate these neurons. Lesioned animals displayed altered dietary behavior, but maintained anticipatory activity before the daily meal.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)