References

Browning PG, Gaffan D, Croxson PL, Baxter MG (2010) Severe scene learning impairment, but intact recognition memory, after cholinergic depletion of inferotemporal cortex followed by fornix transection. Cereb Cortex 20(2):282-293. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp097

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the link between connections carried by the fornix and cholinergic input to the inferotemporal cortex in scene learning. Monkeys received 56-64 0.02-µg injections of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) into the inferotemporal cortex, and entorhinal cortices. There was a marked impairment in memory for lesioned animals that also received a fornix transection, indicating a synergistic interaction between connections carried by the fornix and cholinergic input to the inferotemporal cortex for episodic memory.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Abbott SB, Stornetta RL, Fortuna MG, Depuy SD, West GH, Harris TE, Guyenet PG (2009) Photostimulation of retrotrapezoid nucleus phox2b-expressing neurons in vivo produces long-lasting activation of breathing in rats. J Neurosci 29:5806-5819. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1106-09.2009

Summary: The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains a subpopulation of cells that are thought to function as central respiratory chemoreceptors. The authors used bilateral 22-ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the lateral horn of the second thoracic segment to investigate this hypothesis. Coupled with data generated by lentivirus-driven transgenic expression of a light-activated cationic channel, it is demonstrated that noncatecholaminergic neurons in the RTN function as central respiratory chemoreceptors.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Ramanathan D, Tuszynski MH, Conner JM (2009) The basal forebrain cholinergic system is required specifically for behaviorally mediated cortical map plasticity. J Neurosci 29:5992-6000. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0230-09.2009

Summary: In this work the authors examined what types of neuronal plasticity require the cholinergic system. Selective depletion of the basal forebrain cholinergic system was accomplished by bilateral 112-ng and 75-ng injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia inominata. The results indicate a linkage between cholinergic mechanisms and distinct forms of cortical plasticity, supporting the role of the forebrain cholinergic system in modulating plasticity associated with behavioral experience.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Truitt WA, Johnson PL, Dietrich AD, Fitz SD, Shekhar A (2009) Anxiety-like behavior is modulated by a discrete subpopulation of interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. Neuroscience 160:284-294. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.083

Summary: It is thought that the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BL) is an anxiety regulator. The authors previously demonstrated that SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) lesions of the BL increase anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Using a series of 6 bilateral injections of SSP-SAP (4 ng per injection), the NK-1 receptor-expressing cells of the BL are further characterized.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Brightwell JJ, Taylor BK (2009) Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus contribute to neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 160:174-185. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.023

Summary: Noradrenergic neurons were eliminated with 5 µg intracerebroventricular injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. Animals lesioned with anti-DBH-SAP displayed a reduction in behavioral signs of several kinds of allodynia.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Craig LA, Hong NS, Kopp J, McDonald RJ (2009) Cholinergic depletion of the medial septum followed by phase shifting does not impair memory or rest-activity rhythms measured under standard light/dark conditions in rats. Brain Res Bull 79(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.10.013

Summary: It has been theorized that cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer’s disease is in part due to disruption of the circadian rhythm (CR) in these patients. Some basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is responsible for maintenance of CR. Rats received two injections totaling 7.5 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca. Lesioned animals did not show any evidence of CR disruption.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Khan AM, Rapp KL, Ponzio TA, Sanchez-Watts G, Watts AG (2009) Featured Article: Deletion of catecholaminergic neurons by anti-DBH-saporin disrupts hypothalamic MAP kinase and CREB activation. Targeting Trends 10(2)

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Khan AM et al. Stimulus-, circuit- and intracellular-level determinants of MAP kinase and CREB activation in parvicellular hypothalamic paraventricular neurons. Neuroscience 2008 Abstracts 865.23/MM24, 2008. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC

Botly LC, De Rosa E (2009) Cholinergic deafferentation of the neocortex using 192 IgG-saporin impairs feature binding in rats. J Neurosci 29:4120-4130. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0654-09.2009

Summary: It has been hypothesized that the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is the source of cholinergic input to the neocortex that is responsible for incorporating different features of an object into a unified neural representation of said object. Rats received 0.04-µg bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the NBM. In lesioned animals modes of learning requiring feature binding were impaired, while processes not using feature binding were left intact.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Montero Dominguez M, Gonzalez B, Zimmer J (2009) Neuroprotective effects of the anti-inflammatory compound triflusal on ischemia-like neurodegeneration in mouse hippocampal slice cultures occur independent of microglia. Exp Neurol 218:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.023

Summary: In this work the authors looked to clarify the role of microglia in an experimental stroke model. Hippocampal slices were subject to oxygen-glucose deprivation to establish the stroke model. Slices were exposed to 1.3 nM Mac-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-06) for 7 days prior to the experiments. This treatment depleted virtually all of the microglia. The lesioned slices were more susceptible to neurodegeneration, but the anti-inflammatory drug triflusal was still able to fulfill its neuroprotective role in treated slices.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Lai CY, Wiethoff CM, Kickhoefer VA, Rome LH, Nemerow GR (2009) Vault nanoparticles containing an adenovirus-derived membrane lytic protein facilitate toxin and gene transfer. ACS Nano 3(3):691-699. doi: 10.1021/nn8008504 PMID: 19226129

Objective: To explore the feasibility of improving vault penetration into target cell.

Summary: The membrane lytic activity of the protein VI (pVI) domain was retained upon incorporation into vault particles. Moreover, internalization of vault-pVI complexes into murine macrophages promoted co-delivery of a soluble ribotoxin or a cDNA plasmid encoding GFP.

Usage: Saporin was used in cell membrane penetration assays. Concentration varied from 1.65 ×10-7M to 8.25×10-9M in two-fold dilutions.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)