References

Craig LA, Hong NS, Kopp J, McDonald RJ (2009) Cholinergic depletion of the medial septum followed by phase shifting does not impair memory or rest-activity rhythms measured under standard light/dark conditions in rats. Brain Res Bull 79(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.10.013

Summary: It has been theorized that cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer’s disease is in part due to disruption of the circadian rhythm (CR) in these patients. Some basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is responsible for maintenance of CR. Rats received two injections totaling 7.5 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca. Lesioned animals did not show any evidence of CR disruption.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Khan AM, Rapp KL, Ponzio TA, Sanchez-Watts G, Watts AG (2009) Featured Article: Deletion of catecholaminergic neurons by anti-DBH-saporin disrupts hypothalamic MAP kinase and CREB activation. Targeting Trends 10(2)

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Khan AM et al. Stimulus-, circuit- and intracellular-level determinants of MAP kinase and CREB activation in parvicellular hypothalamic paraventricular neurons. Neuroscience 2008 Abstracts 865.23/MM24, 2008. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC

Botly LC, De Rosa E (2009) Cholinergic deafferentation of the neocortex using 192 IgG-saporin impairs feature binding in rats. J Neurosci 29:4120-4130. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0654-09.2009

Summary: It has been hypothesized that the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is the source of cholinergic input to the neocortex that is responsible for incorporating different features of an object into a unified neural representation of said object. Rats received 0.04-µg bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the NBM. In lesioned animals modes of learning requiring feature binding were impaired, while processes not using feature binding were left intact.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Montero Dominguez M, Gonzalez B, Zimmer J (2009) Neuroprotective effects of the anti-inflammatory compound triflusal on ischemia-like neurodegeneration in mouse hippocampal slice cultures occur independent of microglia. Exp Neurol 218:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.023

Summary: In this work the authors looked to clarify the role of microglia in an experimental stroke model. Hippocampal slices were subject to oxygen-glucose deprivation to establish the stroke model. Slices were exposed to 1.3 nM Mac-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-06) for 7 days prior to the experiments. This treatment depleted virtually all of the microglia. The lesioned slices were more susceptible to neurodegeneration, but the anti-inflammatory drug triflusal was still able to fulfill its neuroprotective role in treated slices.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Lai CY, Wiethoff CM, Kickhoefer VA, Rome LH, Nemerow GR (2009) Vault nanoparticles containing an adenovirus-derived membrane lytic protein facilitate toxin and gene transfer. ACS Nano 3(3):691-699. doi: 10.1021/nn8008504 PMID: 19226129

Objective: To explore the feasibility of improving vault penetration into target cell.

Summary: The membrane lytic activity of the protein VI (pVI) domain was retained upon incorporation into vault particles. Moreover, internalization of vault-pVI complexes into murine macrophages promoted co-delivery of a soluble ribotoxin or a cDNA plasmid encoding GFP.

Usage: Saporin was used in cell membrane penetration assays. Concentration varied from 1.65 ×10-7M to 8.25×10-9M in two-fold dilutions.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Lujan HL, Palani G, Chen Y, Peduzzi JD, Dicarlo SE (2009) Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons reduces resting, reflex and exercise-induced sympathetic activation in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296:H1305-H1311. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00095.2009

Summary: This work examines the capability of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) to eliminate cardiac sympathetic neurons. The right and left stellate ganglia of rats were each injected with 10 µg of CTB-SAP. Lesioned animals displayed physiolo-gical differences from controls, as well as specific reduction of numbers of neurons in the stellate ganglion and spinal cord.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Tronson NC, Schrick C, Guzman YF, Huh KH, Srivastava DP, Penzes P, Guedea AL, Gao C, Radulovic J (2009) Segregated populations of hippocampal principal CA1 neurons mediating conditioning and extinction of contextual fear. J Neurosci 29:3387-3394. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5619-08.2009

Summary: This work examines what cell groups are responsible for controlling contextual fear. 180 ng of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) was injected into the medial septum of mice. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. In lesioned animals, fear extinction was lost along with the cholinergic input from the medial septum, while fear conditioning was left intact.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Bogen O, Dina OA, Gear RW, Levine JD (2009) Dependence of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 induced hyperalgesia on the isolectin B4-binding protein versican. Neuroscience 159:780-786. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.049

Summary: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is involved in generation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms underlying this involvement are not understood. Rats received 3.2 µg intrathecal injections of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10). Ten days later the rats received intradermal MCP-1. Animals treated with IB4-SAP did not exhibit the mechanical hyperalgesia normally seen when treated with MCP-1.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Paban V, Chambon C, Manrique C, Touzet C, Alescio-Lautier B (2011) Neurotrophic signaling molecules associated with cholinergic damage in young and aged rats: environmental enrichment as potential therapeutic agent. Neurobiol Aging 32(3):470-485. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.03.010

Summary: This study examined the potential of long-term environmental enrichment as a therapeutic agent for cholinergic damage. Rats received bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum (37.5 ng per side) and nucleus basalis magnocellularis (75 ng per side). Through the use of cDNA macroarrays the authors associated the therapeutic effects of environmental enrichment with downregulation of gene expression associated with certain cell processes, and upregulation of gene expression associated with signal transduction.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Young B, Coolen L, McKenna K (2009) Neural regulation of ejaculation. J Sex Med 6(Suppl 3):229-233. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01181.x

Summary: This review summarizes that a specific population of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) cells plays in regulation of the ejaculatory response. One method to study these cells is the injection of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) into the LSt cells surrounding the central canal. Over 90% of these cells express the NK-1 receptor. This lesion significantly disrupts ejaculation without affecting mounts or intromissions.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)