References

Braun JL, Geromella MS, Hamstra SI, Messner HN, Fajardo VA (2021) Characterizing SERCA function in murine skeletal muscles after 35-37 days of spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 22(21):11764. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111764 PMID: 34769190

Objective: To investigate SERCA function, SERCA regulatory protein content, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) protein adduction in murine skeletal muscle after 35–37 days of spaceflight.

Summary: Spaceflight affects SERCA function differently between the soleus and tibialis anterior.

Usage: Western blot (20 mg)

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Lodhi MS, Khan MT, Bukhari SMH, Sabir SH, Samra ZQ, Butt H, Akram MS (2021) Probing transferrin receptor overexpression in gastric cancer mice models. ACS Omega 6(44):29893-29904. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04382 PMID: 34778662

Objective: To investigate the role of the transferrin receptor, a glycoprotein receptor that is expressed many-folds on rapidly growing cells due to the greater demand of iron, in gastric cancer.

Summary: A mouse model of gastric cancer has the potential to be used in the future to study the therapeutic effects of cancer medicines, and overexpression of transferrin receptors could be identified through the designed probe to be used as diagnostics.

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See Also:

• Daniels TR et al. Conjugation of an anti transferrin receptor IgG3-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin results in significant enhancement of its cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:2995-3008, 2007.

Bowers Z, Maiti P, Bourcier A, Morse J, Jenrow K, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL (2021) Tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids reduce behavioral deficits, gliosis, and amyloid-beta deposition in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Sci 11(11):1423. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11111423 PMID: 34827424

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Total Body Rhythm (TBR) for treating behavioral and neuropathological deficits in the 5xFAD model of AD.

Summary: The combination of tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids in TBR can reduce AD-like deficits in 5xFAD mice.

Usage: Previous work demonstrated that TBR can prevent loss of body weight in a mu p75-SAP mouse model of AD.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

See Also:

• Matchynski JJ et al. Combinatorial treatment of tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids reduces cognitive impairments and inflammation in the mu-p75 saporin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Med Food 16(4):288-295, 2013.

Arslan I, Aydin O, Birdal P (2021) Naturally occurring ribosome inactivating proteins might be key molecules against Covid-19. 2021 5th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) 624-627. Ankara, Turkey. doi: 10.1109/ISMSIT52890.2021.9604711

Summary: The authors cover a variety of topics related to the use of Saporin as a potential molecule to study for the prevention of COVID-19. Other important areas of interest include: Mode of Action of Saporin, Depurination Mechanism, and Apoptosis Induction.

Miranpuri GS, Bali P, Nguyen J, Kim JJ, Modgil S, Mehra P, Buttar S, Brown G, Yutuc N, Singh H, Wood A, Singh J, Anand A (2021) Role of microglia and astrocytes in spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain. Ann Neurosci 28(3-4):219-228. doi: 10.1177/09727531211046367

Summary: Given the severity and incapacitating effects of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain (SCINP), it is imperative to study the pathways involved and find new therapeutic targets in coordination with stem cell research, and to develop a new gold-standard in SCINP treatment. Chronic inflammation by microglia, when targeted with Mac-1-SAP, helps in pain reversal.

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Chen ZF (2021) A neuropeptide code for itch. Nat Rev Neurosci 22(12):758-776. doi: 10.1038/s41583-021-00526-9

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Storozheva ZI, Zakharova EI, Proshin AT (2021) Evaluation of the activity of choline acetyltransferase from different synaptosomal fractions at the distinct stages of spatial learning in the morris water maze. Front Behav Neurosci 15:755373. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.755373

Objective: To examine the role of hippocampal and cortical ACh in the acquisition, consolidation, storage, retention and adaptive flexibility of new, recent and remote memory traces in spatial learning models.

Summary: The application of functional ablation or stimulation techniques is necessary. The approach used can be regarded as one of the possible ways of delineating temporal stages of spatial learning and could be applied in the studies of other signalling pathways.

Usage: Selective loss of septohippocampal and/or corticopetal cholinergic projections has been shown to cause attention deficit.

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See Also:

• McGaughy J et al. Behavioral vigilance following infusions of 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain: selectivity of the behavioral impairment and relation to cortical AChE-positive fiber density. Behav Neurosci 110:247-265, 1996.
• Lehmann O et al. A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666, 2003.

Salwa, LK (2021) Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome. J Control Release 338:837-857. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.007

Objective: This review provides a detailed update on stem cell therapy (SCT) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Summary: What future holds for SCT in the treatment of AD is summarized

Usage: Liu et al. injected 1.5 μg of mu p75-SAP into the medial septum.

See: Liu Y et al. Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits. Nat Biotechnol 31(5):440-447, 2013.

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

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Berthoud HR, Morrison CD, Ackroff K, Sclafani A (2021) Learning of food preferences: mechanisms and implications for obesity & metabolic diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 45(10):2156-2168. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00894-3

Objective: This review focuses on postoral nutrient sensing and signaling as an essential part of the reward system that shapes preferences for the associated flavors of foods.

Summary: There is a critical role for the vagal gut-to-brain axis in motivation and reward. An implication for obesity treatment is that bariatric surgery may alter vagal function.

Usage: Han et al. injected 0.5 µl of CCK-SAP (250 ng/µl) into the R-NG of VGlut2-ires-Cre mice.

See: Han W et al. A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell 175:665-678, 2018.

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Nobili L, Beniczky S, Eriksson SH, Romigi A, Ryvlin P, Toledo M, Rosenzweig I (2021) Expert Opinion: Managing sleep disturbances in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 124:108341. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108341

Summary: The authors suggest that the dose and timing of antiepileptic medications and other co-medications should always be optimized in order to improve nocturnal sleep and avoid daytime sedation.

See: Hasegawa H et al. The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia?. Sleep Med Rev 52:101317, 2020.

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