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Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Larsson M, Broman J (2011) Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Neuroscientist 17(3):256-73. doi: 10.1177/1073858409349913
Summary: This review discusses the role of glutaminergic sensory synapses in pain hypersensitivity caused by tissue or nerve injury. The focus is on the roles of ionotrophic glutamate receptors, and how they are involved in dorsal horn synaptic plasticity. The role of substance P in such mechanisms is briefly discussed, as elucidated by the use of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07).
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Depleting syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes using toxin-bearing dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand: A new opportunity for treating activated T cell-driven disease.
Akiyoshi H, Chung JS, Tomihari M, Cruz PD, Jr., Ariizumi K (2010) Depleting syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes using toxin-bearing dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand: A new opportunity for treating activated T cell-driven disease. J Immunol 184:3554-3561. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903250
Summary: The dendritic cell-associated heparin sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand (DC-HIL) exclusively associates with syndecan-4 (SD-4), which is expressed on some activated T cells. The authors biotinylated DC-HIL and combined it with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). This complex was then applied to resting or activated T cells in culture at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Only activated T cells were bound and eliminated.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)
Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions.
De Bartolo P, Cutuli D, Ricceri L, Gelfo F, Foti F, Laricchiuta D, Scattoni ML, Calamandrei G, Petrosini L (2010) Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 20:207-227. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1355 PMID: 20164586
Summary: The authors characterized the differences caused by age on the effect of cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain. Seven-day-old rats received 210 ng bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Eighty-day-old rats received 4 µg bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SP. Both experimental groups displayed similar behavior, indicating that development of a depleted cholinergic system yields similar results to cholinergic dysfunction in adulthood.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice.
Nag N, Baxter MG, Berger-Sweeney JE (2009) Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice. Neurosci Lett 452:247-251. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.006
Summary: The authors tested a new version of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) in mice. Mice received bilateral injections of 0.65 or 1.3 µg of immunotoxin into each lateral ventricle. Both amounts produced a complete loss of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum, while a dose-dependent loss of cholinergic neurons was seen in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement
Lindorfer MA, Pawluczkowycz AW, Peek EM, Hickman K, Taylor RP, Parker CJ (2010) A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement. Blood 115(11):2283-2291. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-244285 PMID: 20068220
Related Products: Antibody to Complement C3 (7C12) (Cat. #AB-V84)
Derivation of neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells
Lee G, Chambers SM, Tomishima MJ, Studer L (2010) Derivation of neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 5(4):688-701. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.35 PMID: 20360764
Summary: Protocols are presented for the purification and propagation of hPSC-NC cells using flow cytometry and defined in vitro culture conditions. This protocol has been validated in multiple independent hESC and hiPSC lines. The average time required for generating purified hPSC-NC precursors using this protocol is 2–5 weeks.
Usage: Neural crest cells (1:200).
Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)
Bronchoconstrictor effect of the tachykinin NK₃-receptor agonists [MePhe⁷]-neurokinin B and senktide in the isolated guinea pig lung
Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Eckel SP (2010) Bronchoconstrictor effect of the tachykinin NK₃-receptor agonists [MePhe⁷]-neurokinin B and senktide in the isolated guinea pig lung. Exp Lung Res 36(9):509-521. doi: 10.3109/01902141003777582
Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63)
Targeted ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons reduces the hemodynamic response to pain in conscious spinal cord transected rats.
Lujan HL, Palani G, Peduzzi J, Dicarlo SE (2010) Targeted ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons reduces the hemodynamic response to pain in conscious spinal cord transected rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298(5):R1358-1365. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2009
Summary: Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening hypertension as a result of a spinal cord injury above thoracic level 6. The authors investigated whether reduction of sympathetic activity can reduce the severity of this condition. Rats received 13.5 µg injections of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the celiac ganglion resulting in ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons. Lesioned animals displayed a reduced pressor response to pain after spinal cord transection, to some extent ameliorating autonomic dysreflexia.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats.
Carstens EE, Carstens MI, Simons CT, Jinks SL (2010) Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats. Neuroreport 21:303-308. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328337310a
Summary: The itch signal is passed through the superficial dorsal horn. The authors investigated whether ablation of NK-1 receptor-expressing neurons in this area would affect itch-related scratching behavior. Rats received 20 µl of 2.27-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) as an intracisternal injection. The reduction in itch response to intradermal 5-hydroxytryptamine indicates that NK-1 receptor-expressing superficial dorsal horn neurons are important for spinal itch transmission.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning.
Conner JM, Kulczycki M, Tuszynski MH (2010) Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning. Cereb Cortex 20(11):2739-2748. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq022
Summary: This work mapped the basal cholinergic forebrain system associations with skilled motor learning and motor function recovery after cortical injury. Rats were lesioned with 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). The animals received either two rostrocaudal injections of 75-112 ng; two 19 ng injections into the “prefrontal depletion site”; or two 19 ng injections into the “motor cortex depletion site.” Loss of motor cortex cholinergic systems disrupts map plasticity and skilled motor behavior, indicating that control of these systems rests within the motor cortex.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)