- Home
- Knowledge Base
- References
Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses
Levine AS, Jewett DC, Kotz CM, Olszewski PK (2022) Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses. Appetite 174:106031. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106031 PMID: 35395362
Objective: Review studies on feeding behavior involving neuropeptides that influence behavioral plasticity – primarily opioids, orexin, neuropeptide Y, and oxytocin.
Summary: Eating behavior is influenced by a number of external factors, including time of day, type of food available, energy balance state, and stressors. The reviewed work underscores that environmental factors play a critical role in feeding behavior and energy balance, but changes in eating behavior also result from a multitude of non-environmental factors, such that there can be no single mechanism or variable that can explain ingestive behavior.
Usage: References a previous publication using Oxytocin-SAP (IT-46).
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46)
See Also:
Oxytocin-conjugated saporin injected into the substantia nigra of male rats alters the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: A behavioral and neurochemical study
Sanna F, Bratzu J, Angioni L, Pina Sorighe M, Cocco C, Argiolas A, Melis MR (2021) Oxytocin-conjugated saporin injected into the substantia nigra of male rats alters the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: A behavioral and neurochemical study. Brain Res 1773:147705. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147705 PMID: 34744015
Objective: To investigate the effects of Oxytocin-SAP in the substantia nigra of male rats, and assess its impact on nigral Tyrosine Hydroxylase-immunoreactivity, dopamine content, locomotor activity, rotational turning, and striatal dopamine function.
Summary: Researchers investigated the effects of injecting oxytocin-conjugated Saporin into the substantia nigra of male rats. They found that this treatment led to changes in the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, as evidenced by alterations in behavior and neurochemical markers associated with dopamine function.
Usage: Oxytocin-SAP (60 ng/μl and 120 ng/μl) was injected unilaterally into the substantia nigra of male rats, respectively, compared to Blank-SAP.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Oxytocin influences male sexual activity via non-synaptic axonal release in the spinal cord.
Oti T, Satoh K, Uta D, Nagafuchi J, Tateishi S, Ueda R, Takanami K, Young LJ, Galione A, Morris JF, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H (2021) Oxytocin influences male sexual activity via non-synaptic axonal release in the spinal cord. Curr Biol 31(1):103-114.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.089
Summary: Oxytocin directly activates SEG (Spinal Ejaculation Generator)/GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide) neurons via OXTRs (Oxytocin Receptors) and influences male sexual function in the rat lumbar spinal cord.
Usage: Oxytocin-SAP (4 or 40 ng) was infused slowly into the L3 and L4 spinal cord. Blank-SAP was used as control.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Oxytocin attenuates phencyclidine hyperactivity and increases social interaction and nucleus accumben dopamine release in rats.
Kohli S, King MV, Williams S, Edwards A, Ballard TM, Steward LJ, Alberati D, Fone KCF (2019) Oxytocin attenuates phencyclidine hyperactivity and increases social interaction and nucleus accumben dopamine release in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 44(2):295-305. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0171-0
Summary: The authors suggest that further evaluation such as by microinjection with selective antagonists or lesions using the neurotoxin, Oxytocin-SAP, would help delineate the brain region/s and receptor/s involved.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46)
Possible involvement of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial/-spinal oxytocinergic pathways in acute nociceptive responses.
Matsuura T, Kawasaki M, Hashimoto H, Yoshimura M, Motojima Y, Saito R, Ueno H, Maruyama T, Ishikura T, Sabanai K, Mori T, Ohnishi H, Onaka T, Sakai A, Ueta Y (2016) Possible involvement of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial/-spinal oxytocinergic pathways in acute nociceptive responses. J Neuroendocrinol 28(6) doi: 10.1111/jne.12396
Summary: It has been suggested that the amplification of GABAergic neurons in the inhibitory system induces the selective inhibition by Oxytocin (OXT) of excitability in the spinal cord, and the pain transmitted from the periphery to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by this action may be attenuated at the spinal cord level. Rats were injected IT with Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46) dissolved in saline (0.06 μg/μl), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) dissolved in saline (0.06 μg/μl), or saline. Formalin-induced acute nociception activated OXT-containing cells in both the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of hypothalamus, and that the parvocellular division remains activated longer than the magnocellular division. Acute nociception-induced activation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system caused elevation of plasma OXT levels. In addition, the OXTergic spinal pathway may be involved in pain modulation via OXTRs in the spinal cord.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Effects of central administration of oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin on chronic inflammation and feeding/drinking behaviors in adjuvant arthritic rats.
Matsuura T, Kawasaki M, Hashimoto H, Yoshimura M, Motojima Y, Saito R, Ueno H, Maruyama T, Sabanai K, Mori T, Ohnishi H, Sakai A, Ueta Y (2016) Effects of central administration of oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin on chronic inflammation and feeding/drinking behaviors in adjuvant arthritic rats. Neurosci Lett 621:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.010
Summary: In the present study, Oxytocin-SAP, which chemically disrupts oxytocin (OXT signaling was administered centrally and an OXT receptor (OXTR) antagonist administered peripherally to determine whether central and peripheral OXT is involved in chronic inflammation and feeding/drinking behavior in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. Rats were injected i.t. with Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46) or Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) dissolved in saline (0.06 μg/μl). The results demonstrated that the arthritis index values were significantly enhanced and suppression of food intake was transiently attenuated in Oxytocin-SAP treated rats when AA developed, The arthritis index and food intake did not significantly change in the OXTR antagonist i.p.-injected rats. These results suggest that central oxytocinergic pathways may be involved in anti-inflammation at the spinal level and suppression of feeding behavior at the forebrain-brainstem level in AA rats.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Involvement of nigral oxytocin in locomotor activity: A behavioral, immunohistochemical and lesion study in male rats.
Angioni L, Cocco C, Ferri G, Argiolas A, Melis M, Sanna F (2016) Involvement of nigral oxytocin in locomotor activity: A behavioral, immunohistochemical and lesion study in male rats. Horm Behav 83:23-38. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.05.012
Summary: Oxytocin is well known for its hormonal role in lactation and parturition, but also exerts widespread actions in central nervous system. Previous experiments revealed the existence of a correlation between the changes in locomotor activity found in Oxytocin-SAP-treated rats and the extent of the changes in nigral TH and vesicular glutamate transporters immunoreactivity, provide support for a modulatory role of oxytocin on locomotor activity at the level of the substantia nigra. The day after a prior assessment of spontaneous locomotor activity, rats were randomly injected bilaterally with 0.3 μL of Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46, 60 ng/μL/site), or with the same amount of Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21, 60 ng/μL/site) or with vehicle (0.3 μL/site of PBS, pH 7.4). Whether oxytocin may be considered as a target for controlling motor disturbances, as those occurring in Parkinson’s disease and/or in other motor disturbances related to basal ganglia dysfunctions, remains to be evaluated
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
A new oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin for lesioning oxytocin-receptive neurons in the rat hindbrain.
Baskin DG, Kim F, Gelling RW, Russell BJ, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ, Simhan HN, Moralejo DH, Blevins JE (2010) A new oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin for lesioning oxytocin-receptive neurons in the rat hindbrain. Endocrinology 151(9):4207-4213. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0295
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that release of oxytocin in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the hindbrain can inhibit food intake by augmenting the cholecystokinin satiety response. In order to add support to this hypothesis the authors used oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46) to eliminate oxytocin receptive cells in the NTS. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. 0.5 µl-injections of oxytocin-SAP into the NTS caused reduced satiation effect of CCK-8 and blocked the stimulation of food intake by an oxytocin receptor antagonist.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)