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From the President: A Sigh is (Not) Just a Sigh . . .

The fundamental things apply. “The Peptidergic Control Circuit for Sighing,” recently published in the prestigious journal Nature, has made us rethink our fundamental belief that sighs are only “long, deep breaths expressing sadness, relief or exhaustion.” Often prompting someone to say, “What’s wrong?” As it turns out, sighs “also occur spontaneously every few minutes to

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Cover Article: Cerebral cholinergic lesion reduces operant responses to unpleasant thermal stimuli

by Ronald G. Wiley, M.D., Ph.D., Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN  and C. J. Vierck, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA Degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF: medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert/substantia innominata) is a prominent

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Cover Article: Striatal patch compartment lesions reduce cocaine-induced repetitive behaviors

by Kristen Ashley Horner and collaborators R. Murray and M.C. LoganMercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404 Repeated exposure to psychostimulants, such as cocaine, can result in patterns of repetitive, inflexible behaviors, known as stereotypy.[1,2] These inflexible behaviors are thought to be similar to the type of behaviors observed with certain psychiatric disorders, such

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Cover Article: Anti-ChAT-SAP elucidates a causal role in behavioral flexibility

A specific immunotoxin elucidates a causal role of striatal cholinergic system in behavioral flexibility by Sho Aoki and Jeffery R. Wickens Neurobiology Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan Behavioral flexibility is broadly defined as the ability to change behavioral strategy, according to a change of governing

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Cover Article: SP-SAP Human Clinical Trial for Cancer Pain – An Anesthesiologist’s Point of View

by Carl Noe, M.D., Anesthesiology & Pain Management, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Eugene McDermott Center for Pain Management, Dallas, Texas Dr. Noe is the Principal Investigator in the ongoing trial of SP-SAP Intrathecal SP-SAP (Substance P attached to the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin) has been studied in a Phase 1 clinical trial of

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Cover Article: Drug-free selection of stable transfectants using targeted toxin technology and a vector expressing cell-surface carbohydrate-digesting enzyme

by Masahiro Sato1 (Ph. D.) and Satoshi Watanabe2 (Ph. D.) 1Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan: 2Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan Isolation of stable transfectants is one of the important steps for exploring biological functions of

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Cover Article: Impairments in gait, posture and complex movement control in rats modeling the multi-system, cholinergic-dopaminergic losses in Parkinson’s Disease

by Aaron Kucinski (Collaborators at University Michigan, Ann Arbor: K. Phillips, R. Albin, M. Sarter) In addition to the primary disease-defining symptoms that result from extensive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, approximately half of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) suffer from postural instability, impairments in gait control and a propensity for falls. These symptoms have

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Cover Article: Corticotropin releasing factor-saporin conjugate selectively lesions nucleus incertus.

Contributed by Corinne Liying Lee, Ramamoorthy Rajkumar, Gavin Stewart Dawe, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System; Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore; and Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Singapore 117456 The nucleus incertus (NI) is a distinct group of cells in the pontine

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