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Striatal cholinergic interneurons exert inhibition on competing default behaviours controlled by the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum.
Ashkenazi SL, Polis B, David O, Morris G (2021) Striatal cholinergic interneurons exert inhibition on competing default behaviours controlled by the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum. Eur J Neurosci 53(7):2078-2089. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14873
Objective: To determine whether cholinergic interneurons contribute to the competition between both ventral and dorsolateral control systems.
Summary: Findings indicate a central role of cholinergic interneurons in regulating motivational impact on striatally controlled behaviors.
Usage: Anti-ChAT-SAP was diluted to 0.5 μg/μl in phosphate buffer saline and 0.5 μl were injected in each injection site.
Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42)
Medial parabrachial nucleus is essential in controlling wakefulness in rats
Xu Q, Wang DR, Dong H, Chen L, Lu J, Lazarus M, Cherasse Y, Chen GH, Qu WM, Huang ZL (2021) Medial parabrachial nucleus is essential in controlling wakefulness in rats. Front Neurosci 15:645877. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645877
Summary: Lesions of the LC with 192-IgG-SAP have no significant effect on wakefulness in rats (Blanco-Centurion et al.). Only the Orexin-SAP lesion involved in the MPB region resulted in the dramatic decrease of wakefulness in rats (Fuller et al.).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
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Preferential neuronal responses to snakes in the monkey medial prefrontal cortex support an evolutionary origin for ophidiophobia
Dinh HT, Nishimaru H, Le QV, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Maior RS, Tomaz C, Ono T, Nishijo H (2021) Preferential neuronal responses to snakes in the monkey medial prefrontal cortex support an evolutionary origin for ophidiophobia. Front Behav Neurosci 15:653250. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.653250
Summary: Ophidiophobia (snake phobia) is one of the most common specific phobias. Noninvasive imaging studies of patients with specific phobia reported that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), especially the rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and amygdala are activated during the presentation of phobogenic stimuli. Attentional bias to specific animals promotes anxiety and phobia. The mPFC is reported to be involved in attentional allocation to various salient visual stimuli. The findings suggest that the rACC focuses attention on snakes, and promotes aversive conditioning to snakes, which may lead to anxiety and ophidiophobia.
Usage: Prior work has demonstrated that lesions of the cortical cholinergic system of the basal forebrain impair performance in attentional tasks. 192-IgG-SAP (50 or 100 ng) was infused into the PFC of rats.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Nanobody: a small antibody with big implications for tumor therapeutic strategy
Sun S, Ding Z, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao M, Gao L, Chen Q, Xie S, Liu A, Yin S, Xu Z, Lu X (2021) Nanobody: a small antibody with big implications for tumor therapeutic strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 16:2337-2356. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S297631
Summary: This Journal Club commentary focuses on the publication by Kalinchuk et al.
Usage: The author refers to work with 192-IgG-SAP published by Blanco-Centurion et al. This group investigated whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in adenosine regulation of sleep. 6 µg of 192-IgG-SAP was administered to the lateral ventricle of rats.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
- Blanco-Centurion C et al. Adenosine and sleep homeostasis in the basal forebrain. J Neurosci 26(31):8092-8100, 2006.
- Kalinchuk AV et al. The role of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in adenosine-mediated homeostatic control of sleep: lessons from 192 IgG-saporin lesions. Neuroscience 157:238-253, 2008.
Reciprocal interactions between osteoclasts and nociceptive sensory neurons in bone cancer pain
Andriessen AS, Donnelly CR, Ji RR (2021) Reciprocal interactions between osteoclasts and nociceptive sensory neurons in bone cancer pain. Pain Rep 6(1):e867. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000867
Summary: Current pharmacotherapies available for bone cancer pain are insufficient to provide safe and efficacious pain relief. The authors discuss the mechanisms used by cancer cells within the bone tumor microenvironment (TME) to drive bone cancer pain.
Usage: Microglial ablation using Mac-1-SAP (15 μg in 8.8 μl i.t.) and Saporin control (Cat. #PR-01, 8.8 μg in 8.8 μl), is sufficient to attenuate nerve injury-induced pain in male, but not female mice.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update.
Romero-Miguel D, Lamanna-Rama N, Casquero-Veiga M, Gómez-Rangel V, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML (2021) Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update. Eur J Neurol 28(3):1056-1081. doi: 10.1111/ene.14642
Summary: Review includes the mouse animal model of neurodegenerative disease using mu p75-SAP. Biological Effects: Attenuation of cholinergic neurons loss, glial activation and transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Usage: 45 mg/Kg, i.p.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Fluoxetine and ketamine reverse the depressive but not anxiety behavior induced by lesion of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of broca in male rat
Chen L, Ke Y, Ma H, Gao L, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Liu H, Zhang F, Zhou W (2021) Fluoxetine and ketamine reverse the depressive but not anxiety behavior induced by lesion of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of broca in male rat. Front Behav Neurosci 15:602708. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.602708
Summary: A lesion of horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) cholinergic neurons and followed hippocampus damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.
Usage: Injections of 192-IgG-SAP were made bilaterally into the HDB in a volume of 0.5 µL per side with a concentration of 0.5 µg/µL.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Targeting spinal neuropeptide Y1 receptor-expressing interneurons to alleviate chronic pain and itch
Nelson TS, Taylor BK (2021) Targeting spinal neuropeptide Y1 receptor-expressing interneurons to alleviate chronic pain and itch. Prog Neurobiol 196:101894. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101894
Summary: Intrathecal administration of NPY-SAP reduced several operant and cognitive measures of Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced allodynia, including responsiveness to cold temperatures, feeding interference, and an escape task, but did not interfere with systemic morphine-induced analgesia. (Wiley et al.) Similar to the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, NPY-SAP dose-dependently reduced the development of mechanical allodynia (hindpaw withdrawal response to von Frey filaments), mechanical hyperalgesia (response to blunt pin), and cold allodynia (hindpaw withdrawal response duration to acetone droplet evaporation). (Nelson et al.) Together, these directed lesion studies support the idea that the Y1-IN subpopulation of dorsal horn neurons is necessary for the maintenance of both mechanical and cold modalities of nociceptive transmission in chronic pain states.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
See Also:
- Wiley RG et al. Neuropeptide Y receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: role in nocifensive reflex responses to heat and formalin. Neuroscience 161:139-147, 2009.
- Nelson TS et al. Facilitation of neuropathic pain by the NPY Y1 receptor-expressing subpopulation of excitatory interneurons in the dorsal horn. Sci Rep 9(1):7248, 2019.
Aberrant functional connectivity of basal forebrain subregions with cholinergic system in short-term and chronic insomnia disorder
Ma X, Fu S, Yin Y, Wu Y, Wang T, Xu G, Liu M, Xu Y, Tian J, Jiang G (2021) Aberrant functional connectivity of basal forebrain subregions with cholinergic system in short-term and chronic insomnia disorder. J Affect Disord 278:481-487. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.103
Summary: Previous animal studies have identified the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) as a crucial structure in sleep-wake cycle modulation and lesion or inactivation of the BF has been found to increase delta electroencephalogram activity, disturb behavioral arousal, and reduce sleep. They reference Kaur et al. using 192-IgG-SAP to lesion the CBF to examine the role of these neurons in sleep behavior.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration
Holloway Z, Koburov R, Hawkey A, Levin ED (2020) Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 199:173069. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173069
Summary: Drug-induced effects have been used to demonstrate the construct validity of operant attention tasks, as well as to assess the pharmacological systems that underlie cognitive processes, such as attention, short-term memory and reaction time, either by interrupting or enhancing performance.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)