zap-conjugates

Campos EC, Schiavi C, Bolognesi A, Bellusci C, Lubelli C, Duca A, Polito L, Poulas K, Tzartos SJ, Stirpe F (2002) Selective lesions of rabbit extraocular muscles injected with the anti-AChR immunotoxin saporin-mAb 73. Curr Eye Res 24(1):58-65. doi: 10.1076/ceyr.24.1.58.5430 PMID: 12187496

Objective: Investigating the efficacy of saporin-based immunotoxins in modeling of eye and facial muscle disorders.

Summary: Saporin was conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb 73) against acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle. The immunotoxin was created as an alternative to botulinum toxin to induce ocular and facial motility disorders. The Saporin-mAb 73 injections into the extraocular muscles of rabbits caused focal damage to the muscles without inflammation at 14 days post-surgery.

Usage: New Zealand White Rabbits were treated with a single injection of an antibody coupled with Mab-ZAP (IT-04) directly into the medial rectus muscle of one eye at a dose of 2, 5, 20, or 50 ng.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)

Q: What is a second immunotoxin?

A: ATS’s second immunotoxins are conjugations of a secondary antibody (as of December 2000, either goat anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG) to the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin.

Q: How does a second immunotoxin target?

A: The second immunotoxin uses the secondary antibody to “piggyback” onto your primary antibody in order to evaluate the ability of the primary antibody to internalize.

Q: What happens when the second immunotoxin gets inside the cell?

A: If the second immunotoxin is internalized, saporin will inactivate the ribosomes of the cell, thereby causing cell death.

Q: Are there different types of second immunotoxins available?

A: Yes, please see our catalog listing online for a complete list.

Q: What is the ratio of antibody to second immunotoxin for in vitro testing?

A: Both Mab-ZAP and Rab-ZAP have been shown effective in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 moles of primary antibody per mole of second immunotoxin.

See: ZAP Conjugates (Second Immunotoxins)

Kohls MD, Lappi DA (2000) Mab-ZAP: A tool for evaluating antibody efficacy for use in an immunotoxin. BioTechniques 28(1):162-165. doi: 10.2144/00281pf01

Summary: Immunotoxins are useful tools for elimination of specific cell populations in vitro and in vivo for research and therapeutic applications. One of the factors limiting the use of immunotoxins is the selection of an appropriate antibody. Advanced Targeting Systems has created a reagent that allows researchers to select antibodies with the desired characteristics before an immuntoxin is made, purified, and assayed. Using a goat anti-murine IgG coupled to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin, researchers can screen hundreds of antibodies in a time and cost-effective manner.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Rab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-05), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26), Anti-M-ZAP (Cat. #IT-30), Goat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-36)

Weltman JK, Melucci CL, Chen J, Davidson AE (1992) Internalization of monoclonal antibodies selected for immunotoxin activity against small-cell lung cancer. Hybridoma 1:547-559. doi: 10.1089/hyb.1992.11.547 PMID: 1334041

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Rab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-05), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26), Anti-M-ZAP (Cat. #IT-30)

Stirpe F, Barbieri L, Battelli MG, Soria M, Lappi DA (1992) Ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants: present status and future prospects. Bio/Technol 10:405-412. doi: 10.1038/nbt0492-405 PMID: 1368484

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Saporin Chicken Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-17AP), Saporin Goat Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-15), MonoBiotin-ZAP (Cat. #BT-ZAP)

Barbieri L, Dinota A, Lappi DA, Soria M, Tazzari PL, Stirpe F (1989) Selective killing of CD4+ and CD8+ cells with immunotoxins containing saporin. Scand J Immunol 30:369-372. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01223.x

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Rab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-05), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26), Anti-M-ZAP (Cat. #IT-30)

Weltman JK, Pedroso P, Johnson S, Davignon D, Fast LD, Leone LA (1987) Rapid screening with indirect immunotoxin for monoclonal antibodies against human small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 47(21):5552-5556. PMID: 2822229

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Rab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-05), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26), Anti-M-ZAP (Cat. #IT-30)

Lappi DA, Esch FS, Barbieri L, Stirpe F, Soria M (1985) Characterization of a Saponaria officinalis seed ribosome-inactivating protein: immunoreactivity and sequence homologies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 129:934-942. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91981-3 PMID: 3925952

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Saporin Chicken Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-17AP), Saporin Goat Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-15), MonoBiotin-ZAP (Cat. #BT-ZAP)

Stirpe F, Gasperi-Campani A, Barbieri L, Falasca A, Abbondanza A, Stevens WA (1983) Ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of Saponaria officinalis L. (soapwort) of Agrostemma githago L. (corn cockle) and of Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) and from the latex of Hura crepitans L. (sandbox tree). Biochem J 216:617-625. doi: 10.1042/bj2160617 PMID: 6667259

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Saporin Chicken Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-17AP), Saporin Goat Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-15), MonoBiotin-ZAP (Cat. #BT-ZAP)