2018 Targeting Trends Review

Acharjee S, Verbeek M, Gomez CD, Bisht K, Lee B, Benoit L, Sharkey KA, Benediktsson A, Tremblay M-E, Pittman QJ (2018) Reduced microglial activity and enhanced glutamate transmission in the basolateral amygdala in early CNS autoimmunity. J Neurosci 38:9019-9033. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0398-18.2018

Objective: To identify CNS changes associated with behaviors in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Summary: The data from this study reveal increased synaptic activity and spine density in early stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model of MS) in the basolateral amygdala.

Usage: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human or Rat-IgG-SAP (control) was injected unilaterally in the BLA (1 ug/1 ul).

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Rat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-17)

Mao S, Wang L, Chen P, Lan Y, Guo R, Zhang M (2018) Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of Tanshinone IIA reduces adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarctions in a mice model: Role of NF-κB pathway. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 46(sup3):S707-S716. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1508028 PMID: 30284484

Objective: To develop a nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery system for Tanshinone IIA.

Summary: Demonstrated a novel delivery mechanism of a therapeutic agent, tanshinone IIA-NP, which prevented IκB phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation resulting in the suppression of inflammatory responses and reduction of cardiomyocytes apoptosis and fibrotic process, contributing to the mitigation of LV remodeling and improvement of cardiac functions following MI.

Usage: Immunoblotting analysis for the activation of AT-1R on an ischemic border zone 4 weeks after explosion to coronary artery ligation.

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Sabbah S, Papendorp C, Koplas E, Beltoja M, Etebari C, Gunesch AN, Carrete L, Kim MT, Manoff G, Bhatia-Lin A, Zhao T, Schreck D, Dowling H, Briggman KL, Berson DM (2018) Synaptic circuits for irradiance coding by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. bioRxiv 442954. doi: 10.1101/442954

Objective: To explore the synaptic networks responsible for the unique capacity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to encode overall light intensity. This luminance signal is crucial for circadian, pupillary and related reflexive responses light.

Summary: Most ipRGCs sample from all bipolar terminals costratifying with their dendrites, but M1 cells avoid all OFF bipolar input and accept only ectopic ribbon synapses from ON cone bipolar axonal shafts. These monad synapses are equipped with as many as a dozen ribbons and only one postsynaptic process.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry of retina – after recording, retinas were fixed and counterstained with rabbit anti-melanopsin (1:1000) to enhance the fluorescence of the GFP-based GCaMP6f indicator.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (mGluR2) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N32)

Hegarty DM, David LL, Aicher SA (2018) Lacrimal gland denervation alters tear protein composition and impairs ipsilateral eye closures and corneal nociception. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:5217-5224. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25267

Objective: To evaluate spontaneous and evoked ocular sensory responses in rats after denervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as protein changes in tears that may mediate functional changes.

Summary: Denervation of the lacrimal gland causes long-lasting hypoalgesia, impairs the blink response, and alters tear proteins.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP (5 μL, 0.5 μg/μL) was microinjected into the left extraorbital lacrimal gland. In a separate group, 192-IgG-SAP was applied directly and unilaterally to the corneal surface.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Liu H, Chen L, Giffen KP, Stringham ST, Li Y, Judge PD, Beisel KW, He DZZ (2018) Cell-specific transcriptome analysis shows that adult pillar and deiters’ cells express genes encoding machinery for specializations of cochlear hair cells. Front Mol Neurosci 11:356. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00356 PMID: 30327589

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Kamath SP, Chen AI (2018) Myocyte enhancer factor 2c regulates dendritic complexity and connectivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Mol Neurobiol 56:4102–4119. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1363-7 PMID: 30276662

Objective: To investigate the roles of Mef2c in cerebellar Purkinje cells during the first three weeks of postnatal development.

Summary: Mef2c haploinsufficiency is implicated in behavioral deficits related to autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability.  Results reveal the specific expression and functional relevance of Mef2c in developing Purkinje cells and offer insight to how disruption of the expression of Mef2c in a GABAergic neuronal subtype may lead to pathogenesis of cerebellar-associated disorders.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry – mouse anti-mGluR2 (1:1500)

Related Products: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (mGluR2) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N32)

Pottorf T, Mann A, Fross S, Mansel C, Vohra BPS (2018) Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 maintains neuronal structural integrity through the maintenance of golgi structure. Neurochem Int 121:86-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.010 PMID: 30278188

Objective: To Investigate the link between NMNAT2 loss, Golgi fragmentation and axon degeneration

Summary: Results degeneration signals converge on a common cytNmnat1 mediated axon protective program and are distinct from the SARM1 mediated caspase independent axon degeneration

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:1000)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Virga DM, Capps J, Vohra BPS (2018) Enteric neurodegeneration is mediated through independent neuritic and somal mechanisms in rotenone and MPP+ toxicity. Neurochem Res 43(12):2288-2303. doi: 10.1007/s11064-018-2649-x PMID: 30259276

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which enteric nervous system degeneration occurs in Parkinson’s Disease.

Summary: Therapies targeting both axonal and somal protection can be important in finding interventions for enteric symptoms in PD.

Usage: P75NTR antibody utilized (1:1000) to immunoselect enteric neural crest from the rest of the cells in the gut including stomach, small and large bowl and colon) from E12.5 Sprague CD1 mice.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Burk JA, Blumenthal SA, Maness EB (2018) Neuropharmacology of attention. Eur J Pharmacol 835:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.008

Objective: This review focuses on the knowledge gained about neurotransmitter systems with respect to attentional processing, with emphasis on the functions mediated within the medial prefrontal cortex.

Summary: Future research needs to facilitate a better comprehension of the neural circuitry engaged by different subcategories of attention. Such information will be useful in allowing for more targeted treatments for conditions characterized by attentional deficits.

Usage: Several citations using 192-IgG-SAP;. The specific role of ACh in attentional function can be examined with lesions to cholinergic inputs to the mPFC, using the immunotoxin 192 immunoglobulin G (IgG) saporin. Increases in mPFC ACh efflux related to attention are no longer present following cholinergic lesions. These cholinergic lesions lead to severe deficits in performance on both sustained attention and 5CSRTT-related tasks.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Micakovic T, Papagiannarou S, Clark E, Kuzay Y, Abramovic K, Peters J, Sticht C, Volk N, Fleming T, Nawroth P, Hammes HP, Alenina N, Grone HJ, Hoffmann SC (2018) The angiotensin II type 2 receptors protect renal tubule mitochondria in early stages of diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 94:937-950. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.006 PMID: 30190172

Objective: To investigate the role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT-2R) at the early stages of diabetic nephropathy.

Summary: Targeted AT-2R overexpression in renal cells may open new avenues to develop novel types of drugs preventing diabetic nephropathy.

Usage: Histology, immunohistochemistry; 1:100

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)