tt2006

Li AJ, Wang Q, Ritter S (2006) Differential responsiveness of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene expression to glucoprivation in different catecholamine cell groups. Endocrinology 147(7):3428-3434. doi: 10.1210/en.2006-0235

Summary: This work examines how subpopulations of hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons participate in systemic glucoregulation. Rats were treated with bilateral 42 ng infusions of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) expression in glucoprivic animals was then analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The data demonstrate that the ventrolateral medulla contains most of the catecholamine neurons responsive to glucoprivation.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Knox D, Berntson GG (2006) Effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic lesions on fear-like and anxiety-like behavior. Behav Neurosci 120(2):307-312. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.2.307

Summary: Neurons in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and substantia innominata (NBM/SI) may play a role in mediating some aspects of aversive states. The authors used 0.1 µg injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the NBM/SI of rats to investigate the role these neurons play in elevated maze behavior and fear-conditioned behavioral suppression. The lesions did not affect the elevated maze behavior, but behavioral suppression was attenuated. The results indicate that NBM/SI cholinergic neurons are involved in the mediation of anxiety-like states.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Nolan BC, Freeman JH (2006) Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs acquisition and extinction of eyeblink conditioning. Learn Mem 13(3):359-365. doi: 10.1101/lm.168506

Summary: Adaptive adjustments to movements depend on cerebellar learning. This work examines the effect of a global depletion of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex on delay eyeblink conditioning in rats. 15 µg of OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) was infused into the left lateral ventricle 2 weeks prior to training. Purkinje cell loss in the anterior lobe and lobule HVI correlated with impaired acquisition and extinction of delay eyeblink conditioning, indicating an important role for these cells.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Frielingsdorf H, Thal LJ, Pizzo DP (2006) The septohippocampal cholinergic system and spatial working memory in the Morris water maze. Behav Brain Res 168(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.10.008

Summary: The authors examined whether an optimized Morris water maze test could reveal the role of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in spatial working memory. Rats were treated with bilateral 75-ng injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) followed by acquisition of the water maze task, and two independent phases of working memory testing. Test optimization was followed by icv infusion of nerve growth factor in unlesioned animals. The data demonstrate that working memory impairments cannot be revealed by the Morris water maze test.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Parikh V, Sarter M (2006) Cortical choline transporter function measured in vivo using choline-sensitive microelectrodes: clearance of endogenous and exogenous choline and effects of removal of cholinergic terminals. J Neurochem 97(2):488-503. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03766.x

Summary: A major projection of brain attention systems passes through the cholinergic portion of the cortical mantle. The authors investigated the role of high-affinity choline transporters (CHT) in the clearance of exogenous choline, as well as choline from newly released acetylcholine. 0.085 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into each hemisphere of the basal forebrain of rats (mouse IgG-SAP, Cat. #IT-18, was used as a control). The results demonstrate that no matter the source, increases in choline concentrations are cleared by CHT’s.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Weyergang A, Selbo PK, Berg K (2006) Photochemically stimulated drug delivery increases the cytotoxicity and specificity of EGF-saporin. J Control Release 111(1-2):165-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.12.002

Summary: In this study the authors investigated the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles that can be induced to release macromolecules upon activation by light. This process is called photochemical internalization, or PCI. Biotinylated EGF was combined with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), and the compound was applied to various cell lines. The data shows that PCI increases the toxicity of EGF-saporin significantly in EGF receptor-expressing cell lines.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Allen JW, Mantyh PW, Horais K, Tozier N, Rogers SD, Ghilardi JR, Cizkova D, Grafe MR, Richter P, Lappi DA, Yaksh TL (2006) Safety evaluation of Intrathecal Substance P-Saporin, a targeted neurotoxin, in dogs. Toxicol Sci 91(1):286-298. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj143

Summary: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) has been shown to reverse neuropathic pain behavior in rodents and prevent the formation of hyperalgesia. A safety study was done in beagles to further the use of this molecule as a human therapeutic. Animals received doses from 1.5-150 µg of SP-SAP as bolus intrathecal lumbar injections. Doses of 15 µg and above displayed significant loss of NK1r-expressing cells in lumbar Laminae II and I, but no adverse toxicity was observed at any dose.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Foehr ED, Lorente G, Kuo J, Ram R, Nikolich K, Urfer R (2006) Targeting of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta with a monoclonal antibody delays tumor growth in a glioblastoma model. Cancer Res 66(4):2271-2278. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1221

Summary: The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ß (RPTPß) is overexpressed in astrocytomas, and is a potential target for tumor therapy. After testing antibodies against an extracellular domain of RPTPß in vitro with Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), two custom conjugates, 7E4B11-SAP and 7A9B5-SAP, were created by Advanced Targeting Systems. The authors tested the custom conjugates, using anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25) as a positive control, and mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) as a negative control. The 7E4B11-SAP conjugate displayed significant antitumor activity in mice engrafted with U87 glioma cells.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18), Custom Conjugates

Easton A, Dwyer E, Pfaff DW (2006) Estradiol and orexin-2 saporin actions on multiple forms of behavioral arousal in female mice. Behav Neurosci 120(1):1-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.1.1

Summary: Many aspects of female behavioral arousal in response to estrogens are not yet well understood. Here the authors examine the role of orexins as targets for estrogens. Female mice were treated with 10 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into each hemisphere of the lateral hypothalamus. The mice were then tested in different modes of behavioral arousal. Mice treated with orexin-SAP displayed decreases in sensory responsiveness and fearfulness concomitant with a reduction in orexin cell number.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Saenz C, Dominguez R, de Lacalle S (2006) Estrogen contributes to structural recovery after a lesion. Neurosci Lett 392(3):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.023

Summary: The authors evaluated the trophic effects of 17ß-estradiol (E2) on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain after lesioning with 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Ovariectomized female rats received 200 nl of 0.075 mg/ml 192-IgG-SAP followed by a subcutaneous pellet of E2, which was released over 60 days. Dendritic size in ovariectomized rats receiving the E2 was the same as in control animals, while ovariectomized rats receiving a placebo displayed a significant reduction in dendritic arborization.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)