2002 Targeting Trends Review

Waite JJ, Chen AD (2001) Differential changes in rat cholinergic parameters subsequent to immunotoxic lesion of the basal forebrain nuclei. Brain Res 918:113-120. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02968-7 PMID: 11684049

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) is used extensively to eliminate the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain in rats. Waite and Chen compare the degree of loss between 192-Saporin (6 or 8.2 µg in 10 µl into left lateral ventricle) and control (Saporin, 1.82 µg into left lateral ventricle; Cat. #PR-01) using three methods: Assay of post mortem choline acetyltransferase activity, in vivo microdialysis of extracellular acetylcholine (ACh), and in vivo assessment of the rate of ACh synthesis. The infusion of saporin alone had no effect. After fifteen weeks, the authors report compensation of cholinergic activity in lesioned animals occurs in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex as determined by measurement of the rate of ACh synthesis.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Saporin Goat Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-15), Saporin Chicken Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-17AP), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Pang KCH, Nocera R, Secor AJ, Yoder RM (2001) GABAergic septohippocampal neurons are not necessary for spatial memory. Hippocampus 11:814-827. doi: 10.1002/hipo.1097

Summary: The medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) are necessary for spatial memory. Both cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal populations are present in the MSDB. 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was used to eliminate cholinergic populations and kainic acid was used to reduce numbers of GABAergic neurons. Both agents were injected (independently or in combination) into the medial septum and each diagonal band of rats (192-Saporin 250 ng MS, 150 ng DB) to determine the importance of GABAergic neurons in the MSDB for spatial memory. The results showed elimination of GABAergic neurons has no impact on spatial memory, while elimination of cholinergic neurons has a mild impact.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Berger-Sweeney JE, Stearns NA, Murg SL, Floerke-Nashner LR, Lappi DA, Baxter MG (2001) Selective immunolesions of cholinergic neurons in mice: effects on neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and behavior. J Neurosci 21(20):8164-8173. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-20-08164.2001

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has long been an effective agent for elimination of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of rats. Until the development of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) there was no equivalent agent for use in mice. The authors tested mu p75-SAP in vitro and in vivo (1.8-3.6 µg in right lateral ventricle), using cytotoxic, histochemical, and behavioral assays. The data shows that mu p75-SAP is a highly selective and efficacious lesioning agent for cholinergic neurons in the mouse. The authors conclude that mu p75-SAP will be a powerful tool to use in combination with genetic modification to investigate cholinergic damage in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Kanai T, Watanabe M, Okazawa A, Sato T, Yamazaki M, Okamoto S, Ishii H, Totsuka T, Iiyama R, Okamoto R, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M, Takeda K, Akira S, Hibi T (2001) Macrophage-derived IL-18-mediated intestinal inflammation in the murine model of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol 121:875-888. doi: 10.1053/gast.2001.28021

Summary: Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that is associated with several changes in the immune system, including an increased number of infiltrating macrophages. These macrophages release a variety of cytokines that are responsible for inflammation. The authors investigated the role of these macrophages in a mouse model by eliminating them with Mac-1-SAP (20 µg parenterally in tail vein; Cat. #IT-06). Seven days after treatment, mice showed no evidence of intestinal inflammation. These data demonstrate the role of macrophages in the development of inflammatory bowel conditions.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Jasmin L, Ohara PT (2001) Long-term intrathecal catheterization in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 110:81-89. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00420-4

Summary: The authors have developed a method that allows repeated administration of drugs with minimal stress to an experimental animal. To test the efficacy of this intrathecal catheter, they injected anti-DBH-SAP (5 µg; Cat. #IT-03,) and investigated the noradrenergic denervation of the spinal cord. All animals treated with anti-DBH-SAP showed extensive loss of spinal noradrenergic ennervation. Even three months after catheter implantation, the elimination of noradrenergic neurons in the spinal cord could be produced. This indicates the intrathecal catheter is an effective tool for the study of multiple-dose drug delivery.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Ferreira G, Meurisse M, Gervais R, Ravel N, Levy F (2001) Extensive immunolesions of basal forebrain cholinergic system impair offspring recognition in sheep. Neuroscience 106(1):103-116. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00265-2

Summary: Through the use of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) the association of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons to learning instrumental tasks has been well established in the rat. The authors wished to examine whether these neurons were also associated with social learning tasks, such as offspring recognition in sheep. Using ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of sheep were lesioned by intraventricular bilateral injections (150 µg). The results demonstrate that these neurons contribute to visual discrimination learning, and are involved in formation of lamb recognition memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Burk JA, Sarter M (2001) Dissociation between the attentional functions mediated via basal forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. Neuroscience 105(4):899-909. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00233-0

Summary: The specificity and efficacy of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has allowed the extensive investigation of cortical cholinergic inputs in attentional functions. Little is known about the function of non-cholinergic neurons because of the lack of a specific tool to eliminate these projections. The authors injected 192-Saporin (0.1 µg/0.5 µl bilateral infusions) into rats and compared performance to rats treated with ibotenic acid to eliminate GABAergic neurons in attention performance tasks. While the ibotenic acid lesions were not as specific as those produced by 192-Saporin, the data suggest a role for the basal forebrain GABAergic neurons in attentional functions.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Porreca F, Burgess SE, Gardell LR, Vanderah TW, Malan TP Jr, Ossipov MH, Lappi DA, Lai J (2001) Inhibition of neuropathic pain by selective ablation of brainstem medullary cells expressing the µ-opioid receptor. J Neurosci 21(14):5281-5288. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05281.2001

Summary: The presence of descending projections in the pain pathway raises the possibility that abnormal sustained activity may perpetuate chronic pain. Using 3-ng injections of dermorphin-SAP (Cat #IT-12) on either side of the RVM in rats the authors both prevented and reversed neuropathic pain caused by spinal nerve ligation.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Pain L, Jeltsch H, Lehmann O, Lazarus C, Laalou FZ, Cassel JC (2000) Central cholinergic depletion induced by 192 IgG-saporin alleviates the sedative effects of propofol in rats. Brit J Anaesth 85(6):869-873. doi: 10.1093/bja/85.6.869

Summary: In order to examine the effect of cholinergic depletion on the sedative potency of propofol in rats the authors injected 1 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each lateral ventricle. The findings indicate a ~50% reduction in sedative potency in lesioned rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)