2002 Targeting Trends Review

McGaughy J, Dalley JW, Morrison CH, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2002) Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task. J Neurosci 22(5):1905-1913. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01905.2002

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been a very useful tool in determining the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in arousal and attention tasks. The authors lesioned the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats with an infusion of 0.5 µl per hemisphere of 0.15 µg/µl or 0.45 µg/µl 192-Saporin. The data show a correlation between the extent of the lesion and the amount of impairment in an attentional task. The authors also found that the accuracy deficits in the task could be ameliorated by lengthening the stimulus time, or exacerbated by increasing the event rate. Taken together the data indicate a direct relationship between basal forebrain damage and impaired attentional function.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Power AE, Thal LJ, McGaugh JL (2002) Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis induced by 192 IgG-saporin block memory enhancement with posttraining norepinephrine in the basolateral amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(4):2315-2319. doi: 10.1073/pnas.022627799

Summary: There is evidence that memory consolidation (retention) can be modulated by drugs and stress hormones acting in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). The BLA sends projections to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM), which in turn sends cholinergic projections to the neocortex. The authors used 100 ng bilateral infusions of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) in 500 nl 0.1 M PBS to investigate whether lesions of the cholinergic NBM projections affect BLA modulation of memory. 192-Saporin lesions blocked memory enhancement normally induced by norepinephrine infusions into the BLA. This finding suggests NBM-cortex projections may mediate BLA modulation of memory storage or processing in the neocortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Kingery WS, Agashe GS, Guo TZ, Sawamura S, Davies MF, Clark JD, Kobilka BK, Maze M (2002) Isoflurane and nociception: Spinal alpha2A adrenoceptors mediate antinociception while supraspinal alpha1 adrenoceptors mediate pronociception. Anesthesiol 96:367-374. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200202000-00023

Summary: The authors injected 3 µg/3 µl of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the lateral ventricle of rats to determine whether noradrenergic brainstem nuclei and descending spinal pathways are responsible for the antinociceptive actions of isoflurane. The results indicate that isoflurane modulates nociception by as many as three mechanisms, utilizing various combinations of noradrenergic neurons, adrenoceptors, and descending spinal pathways.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Cahill JFX, Baxter MG (2001) Cholinergic and noncholinergic septal neurons modulate strategy selection in spatial learning. Eur J Neurosci 14:1856-1864. doi: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01807.x

Summary: The authors compared ibotenic acid (IA)-treated rats with those injected with 45 ng and 30 ng of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into two separate coordinates of the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB) to investigate the role of basal forebrain projections in modulating strategy selection in spatial learning. While rats with IA lesions in the MS/VDB demonstrated significant disruption of the learning process, the 192-Saporin-lesioned rats did not show this effect.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Ballmaier M, Casamenti F, Zoli M, Pepeu G, Spano P (2001) Selective immunolesioning of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis magnocellularis impairs prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Neuroscience 108(2):299-305. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00413-4

Summary: One of the measures for schizophrenia is a deficit in sensorimotor gating (the ability of the brain to filter sensory input to focus on selective stimuli) measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. The authors injected 300 nl of 400 ng/µl 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each side of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats to examine the effect of NBM cholinergic neuron elimination on the startle reflex. The data show a significant, persistent disruption of the PPI independent of the amplitude of the startle reflex. This suggests the NBM may play an important role in information processing in schizophrenia.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Vogt LJ, Sim-Selley LJ, Childers SR, Wiley RG, Vogt BA (2001) Colocalization of mu-opioid receptors and activated G-proteins in rat cingulate cortex. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 299:840-848.

Summary: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a primary site of opiate drug action, and much of this activity is associated with the m-opioid receptor (MOR). The mechanisms by which MOR regulates pain in the ACC are not well understood. Using anti-DBH-SAP (7 µg into left lateral ventricle in rat; Cat. #IT-03) the authors mapped MOR activity in the ACC and evaluated the histochemical and behavioral relationships between MOR binding and mu-receptor-activated G-proteins after lesioning.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Vulchanova L, Olson TH, Stone LS, Riedl MS, Elde R, Honda CN (2001) Cytotoxic targeting of isolectin IB4-binding sensory neurons. Neuroscience 108(1):143-155. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00377-3 PMID: 11738138

Summary: Vulchanova et al. examine the role of IB4-binding neurons in nociception. IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) was injected into rats (2 µg in left sciatic nerve). The resulting ablation of IB4-binding neurons provides evidence for their role in nociceptive processing and demonstrates a rapid compensatory response to signalling of acute pain.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Saporin Goat Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-15), Saporin Goat Polyclonal, HRP-labeled (Cat. #AB-15HRP)

Himmelheber AM, Sarter M, Bruno JP (2001) The effects of manipulations of attentional demand on cortical acetylcholine release. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 12(3):353-370. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00064-7

Summary: Cortical cholinergic afferents from the basal forebrain are suspected to be involved in attentional tasks. Regulatory impairment of these afferents has been hypothesized to contribute to attentional deficits seen in conditions as diverse as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. The authors have previously shown that 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) lesions result in severe impairments in tasks requiring sustained attentional processing. In these experiments the authors suggest that cell response is dependent on the level of demand. They demonstrate that removal of p75+ cells (0.5 µg/µl bilaterally infused into the nucleus basalis region in rat) impairs sustained attentional performance, but does not impact low-demand task performance.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wrenn CC, Wiley RG (2001) Lack of effect of moderate Purkinje cell loss on working memory. Neuroscience 107(3):433-445. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00326-8

Summary: When 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) is injected intracerebroventricularly, some p75-expressing cerebellar Purkinje cells are eliminated along with cholinergic neurons. To verify that the effects of basal forebrain lesions on working memory were not caused by loss of these Purkinje cells the authors compared doses of 1 µg OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) and either 2 µg or 4 µg of 192-Saporin injected into the lateral ventricle. The data show that although similar amounts of Purkinje cells were eliminated by OX7-SAP and the lower dose of 192-Saporin, no working memory deficits resulted. Only the 4-µg dose of 192-Saporin produced working memory deficits, they conclude that this is not due to Purkinje cell loss, but the loss of cholinergic neurons.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Demas GE, Bartness TJ (2001) Novel method for localized, functional sympathetic nervous system denervation of peripheral tissue using guanethidine. J Neurosci Methods 112:21-28. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00452-6

Summary: Sympathectomy, or surgical interruption of sympathetic nerve pathways, is an important technique in the analysis of the sympathetic nervous system. The authors investigate and compare several different methods of performing a sympathectomy in hamsters, including surgery, chemical, and immunotoxic lesions using anti-DBH-SAP (ten 2-µl injections, at either 0.65 µg/µl or 0.325 µg/µl, into inguinal white adipose tissue; Cat. #IT-03).

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)