targeted-toxins

Lecourtier L, de Vasconcelos AP, Leroux E, Cosquer B, Geiger K, Lithfous S, Cassel JC (2011) Septohippocampal pathways contribute to system consolidation of a spatial memory: Sequential implication of gabaergic and cholinergic neurons. Hippocampus 21(12):1277-1289. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20837

Summary: Few studies have examined the role of GABAergic septohippocampal projections in memory consolidation. The authors administered 192-IgG-SAP (400 ng; Cat. #IT-01) and/or orexin-SAP (70 ng; Cat. #IT-20) to the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca of rats. Spatial memory tests were then administered over several weeks. The data indicate that both GABAergic and cholinergic septohippocampal systems contribute to memory stabilization, possibly in a sequential manner.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Lappi DA, Ancheta LR, Nowak RA (2010) Featured Article: Internalization of basigin-2, a poor prognosis marker, by a monoclonal antibody. Targeting Trends 11(3) PMID: 0

Related Products: Antibody to Basigin (Cat. #AB-42), Anti-Basigin2-SAP (Cat. #IT-54)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Gulino R, Perciavalle V, Gulisan M (2010) Featured Article: Role of cell fate determinants in a model of spinal cord neurotoxic lesion induced by cholera toxin b-saporin. Targeting Trends 11(3)

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Gulino R et al. Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin. Eur J Neurosci 31(8):1423-1434, 2010.

Carvalho AF, Reyes AR, Sterling RC, Unterwald E, Van Bockstaele EJ (2010) Contribution of limbic norepinephrine to cannabinoid-induced aversion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 211(4):479-491. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1923-7

Summary: The authors used bilateral injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the nucleus accumbens and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to investigate the role of neuroepinephrine in cannabinoid-induced aversion and anxiety. Lesioned animals received bilateral 52.5 ng-injections of anti-DBH-SAP into the nucleus accumbens or 63 ng into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals displayed reversed aversive behavior, but no change in anxiety-like behavior.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

de Carvalho D, Bicego KC, de Castro OW, da Silva GS, Garcia-Cairasco N, Gargaglioni LH (2010) Role of neurokinin-1 expressing neurons in the locus coeruleus on ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to hypercapnia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 172(1-2):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.016

Summary: NK-1 receptors (NK1R) play an important role in cardiorespiratory responses to hypercapnia. In order to paint a clearer picture of the systems involved the authors injected 0.4 µl of 2 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into the locus coeruleus (LC) of rats. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The data suggest that several subpopulations of neurons express NK1R in the LC, and that these subpopulations play different roles in the modulation of cardiorespiratory reponses to hypercapnia.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Sugiura A, Ohtori S, Yamashita M, Yamauchi K, Inoue G, Suzuki M, Norimoto M, Orita S, Eguchi Y, Kuniyoshi K, Ochiai N, Kishida S, Takaso M, Aoki Y, Ishikawa T, Arai G, Miyagi M, Kamoda H, Nakamura J, Takahashi K (2010) Effect of applying p75NTR saporin to a punctured intervertebral disc on calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Orthop Sci 15(3):407-413. doi: 10.1007/s00776-010-1469-x

Summary: Lumbar intervertebral discs are suspected to be a source of low back pain, in part because of the innervation of these discs by neurons containing substance P and CGRP receptors. Rats received 2.5 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the L5/6 vertebral disc after the disc was punctured. While half of the dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the disc were positive for CGRP post-puncture, animals receiving 192-IgG-SAP displayed reduced CGRP expression, indicating a role for the p75 receptor in discogenic pain.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Potes CS, Turek VF, Cole RL, Vu C, Roland BL, Roth JD, Riediger T, Lutz TA (2010) Noradrenergic neurons of the area postrema mediate amylin’s hypophagic action. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299(2):R623-631. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00791.2009

Summary: Amylin decreases food intake in rats and is a satiation signal affecting the area postrema (AP). This work investigated the role of noradrenergic neurons in amylin activity. Rats received a total of 50 ng of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the AP and 25 ng into the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. Rats showing a >50% lesion of noradrenergic neurons were unresponsive to low doses of amylin, suggesting that noradrenergic neurons are part of the amylin pathway.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Di Sebastiano AR, Yong-Yow S, Wagner L, Lehman MN, Coolen LM (2010) Orexin mediates initiation of sexual behavior in sexually naive male rats, but is not critical for sexual performance. Horm Behav 58(3):397-404. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.004

Summary: In this work the role of endogenous orexin-A and B in male sexual behavior was investigated. Rats received a total of 400 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the hypothalamus in each hemisphere. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The lesions facilitated initiation of sexual behavior in naïve males, and reduced anxiety-like behaviors. The data suggest that orexin may play a role in arousal and anxiety related to sexual behavior in naïve animals, but is not critical for performance or motivation.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Luo T, Leung LS (2010) Endogenous histamine facilitates long-term potentiation in the hippocampus during walking. J Neurosci 30(23):7845-7852. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1127-10.2010

Summary: The neurotransmitter histamine is involved in several physiological functions, such as sleep-wake activites, circadian rhythms, learning, and memory. This work examines the role of histamine in modulating synaptic plasticity. Rats received 62.5 ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), followed by assessment of long term potentiation (LTP) during different behavioral states. The data indicate that histaminergic neurons in the TMN facilitate basal-dendritic LTP during walking.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Gil-Bea FJ, Solas M, Mateos L, Winblad B, Ramirez MJ, Cedazo-Minguez A (2011) Cholinergic hypofunction impairs memory acquisition possibly through hippocampal Arc and BDNF downregulation. Hippocampus 21(9):999-1009. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20812

Summary: The authors investigated the role of activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cholinergic-induced memory formation. Rats received 67-ng bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the third ventricle after behavioral training. Lesioned animals had decreased protein and mRNA for both Arc and BDNF. Memory acquisition and recovery of acquisition were both affected. The data indicate that cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus affects the muscarinic facets of spatial memory acquisition.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)