targeted-toxins

Chen LQ, Lv XJ, Guo QH, Lv SS, Lv N, Yu J, Xu WD, Zhang YQ (2022) Asymmetric activation of microglia in the hippocampus drives anxiodepressive consequences of trigeminal neuralgia. bioRxiv 2022.04.16.488241. doi: 10.1101/2022.04.16.488241

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Marcucci F, Lappi DA, Ghislieri M, Martineau D, Siena S, Bregni M, Soria M, Gianni AM (1989) In vivo effects in mice of an anti-T cell immunotoxin. J Immunol 142:2955-2960.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Mueller M, Thompson R, Osman KL, Andel E, DeJonge CA, Kington S, Stephenson Z, Hamad A, Bunyak F, Nichols NL, Lever TE (2022) Impact of limb phenotype on tongue denervation atrophy, dysphagia penetrance, and survival time in a mouse model of ALS. Dysphagia 37(6):1777-1795. doi: 10.1007/s00455-022-10442-4 PMID: 35426522

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

See Also:

• Lind LA et al. Tongue and hypoglossal morphology after intralingual cholera toxin B-saporin injection. Muscle Nerve 63(3):413-420, 2021.

Liu W, Li J, Yang M, Ke X, Dai Y, Lin H, Wang S, Chen L, Tao J (2022) Chemical genetic activation of the cholinergic basal forebrain hippocampal circuit rescues memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 14(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13195-022-00994-w

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Tomaszewicz M et al. Changes in cortical acetyl-CoA metabolism after selective basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration by 192IgG-saporin. J Neurochem 87(2):318-324, 2003.

Nguyen KL, Lamerand SR, Deshpande RP, Taylor BK (2021) Featured Article: Selective ablation of IB4+ primary afferent neurons reduces mechanical and cold hyperalgesia in an EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Targeting Trends 22

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Nguyen KL et al. Contribution of small diameter non-peptidergic primary afferent neurons to central neuropathic pain in a new, more clinically relevant mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neuroscience 2021 Abstracts P377/07, 2021. Society for Neuroscience, Virtual

Dedoni S, Olianas A, Manconi B, Collu M, Tuveri B, Vincis ME, Olianas MC, Onali P (2022) Upregulation of p75NTR by histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitizes human neuroblastoma cells to targeted immunotoxin-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 23(7):3849. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073849 PMID: 35409209

Summary: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been useful chemotherapy agents in the treatment of neuroblastomas, the most frequent solid tumor of childhood. Studies have shown that the expression of the neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, on human neuroblastoma cells are enhanced after exposure to some HDAC inhibitors. The authors used mu p75-SAP along with two HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid and entinostat, to investigate if they could exploit the upregulation of p75NTR and see if these cells were more susceptible as a target for elimination. The administration of mu p75-SAP only induced cell death in tumors of mice that were pretreated with entinostat

Usage: Cells were treated for 24 hr with entinostat and then exposed to 30 nM of mu p75-SAP for 24 hr.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Charlesworth CT, Hsu I, Wilkinson AC, Nakauchi H (2022) Immunological barriers to haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 1-15. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00698-0

Objective: This review article attempts to encourage more research to address the immunological barriers to haematopoietic stem cell based gene therapies.

Summary: The authors lay out the history and clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and then discuss the challenges of both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Usage: This review mentions a publication that used Anti-CD117-SAP to ablate hematopoietic stem cells.

Related Products: Anti-CD117-SAP (Cat. #IT-83)

See Also:

• Czechowicz A et al. Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation. Nat Commun 10:617, 2019.

Saha A, Hyzy S, Lamothe T, Hammond K, Clark N, Lanieri L, Bhattarai P, Palchaudhuri R, Gillard GO, Proctor J, Riddle MJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, MacMillan ML, Wagner JE, Kiem HP, Olson LM, Blazar BR (2022) A CD45-targeted antibody-drug conjugate successfully conditions for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Blood 139(11):1743-1759. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021012366 PMID: 34986233

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a CD45-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in mice.

Summary: In this study, researchers evaluated a novel CD45-targeted antibody-drug conjugate as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. The results demonstrated successful conditioning, highlighting the potential of this approach for improving the outcomes of allogeneic HSCT in the future.

Related Products: Anti-CD117-SAP (Cat. #IT-83)

See Also:

• Palchaudhuri R et al. Non-genotoxic conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a hematopoietic-cell-specific internalizing immunotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 34:738-745, 2016.
• Czechowicz A et al. Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation. Nat Commun 10:617, 2019.
• Li Z et al. Hematopoietic chimerism and donor-specific skin allograft tolerance after non-genotoxic CD117 antibody-drug-conjugate conditioning in MHC-mismatched allotransplantation. Nat Commun 10:616, 2019.
• Gao C et al. Nongenotoxic antibody-drug conjugate conditioning enables safe and effective platelet gene therapy of hemophilia A mice. Blood Adv 3(18):2700-2711, 2019.
• Castiello MC et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-CD45-saporin as conditioning agent for RAG deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147(1):309-320.e6, 2021.

Yun-Fei L, Zhang J, Wang XQ, Peng JJ, Ling BF, Liu FT, Yang F, Dong G, Yu YQ (2022) Noradrenergic innervations of the medial prefrontal cortex mediate empathy for pain in rats via the α1 and β receptors. Behav Brain Res 10:113828. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113828

Objective: To study the roles of the locus coeruleus (LC) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway in pain empathy in rats.

Summary: Results indicate that noradrenergic innervations in the mPFC mediate empathy for pain in rats via the α1 and β receptors.

Usage: Noradrenergic innervations of the mPFC were selectively eliminated through intra-mPFC injections of Anti-DBH-SAP.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Pereira PM, Papy-Garcia D, Barritault D, Chiappini F, Jackisch R, Schimchowitsch S, Cassel JC (2022) Protective Effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic (OTR4132) in a rat immunotoxic lesion model of septohippocampal cholinergic degeneration. Glycoconj J 39(1):107-130. doi: 10.1007/s10719-022-10047-x PMID: 35254602

Objective: Assess the effects of OTR4132, a synthetic heparan-mimetic biopolymer that is designed to have neuroprotective/neurotrophic properties.

Summary: 192-IgG-SAP was used to create a partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation model. Rats were also injected with OTR4132, either intramuscularly (1.5 mg/kg) or into the lateral ventricle (0.25ug/5 ul/rat). Rats injected with 192-IgG-SAP showed decreases in (1) hippocampal acetylcholinesterase reaction products and in (2) choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the medial septum. Both these attributes were significantly lessened in rats treated with OTR4132.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was injected into the medial septum/diagonal band of broca (0.37 ug) of Long-Evans male rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)