saporin

Li W, Luo S, Wan C (2020) Characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection. Behaviour 157:855-878. doi: 10.1163/1568539X-bja10028

Summary: This study reviews the characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection.

Usage: IL-1β-saporin or unconjugated Saporin as control (icv or ip, 1.75 μg) eliminated IL-1R1-expressing cells in the hippocampus and indicated these neurons mediate the function of peripheral IL-1β induced hypophagia.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

He X, Long Q, Zeng Z, Yang L, Tang Y, Feng X (2019) Simple and efficient targeted intracellular protein delivery with self-assembled nanovehicles for effective cancer therapy. Adv Funct Mater 29(50):1906187. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201906187

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Jenrette TA, Logue JB, Horner KA (2019) Lesions of the patch compartment of dorsolateral striatum disrupt stimulus-response learning. Neuroscience 415:161-172. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.033

Objective: To investigate whether enhanced activation of the patch compartment contributes to habitual behavior.

Summary: The dorsolateral patch compartment may mediate habit formation by altering information flow through basal ganglia circuits.

Usage: A volume of 2 ul of Dermorphin-SAP (17 ng/ul or an equivalent amount of unconjugated SAP (as a control) was infused bilaterally, at a rate of 0.5 ul/min.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Chaskiel L, Bristow AD, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Blomqvist A, Konsman JP (2019) Interleukin-1 reduces food intake and body weight in rat by acting in the arcuate hypothalamus. Brain Behav Immun 81:560-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.017

Summary: The authors tested the hypothesis that IL-1R1 expressing cells in the ARH mediate IL-1β and/or LPS-induced hypophagia in the rat.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates, Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Pinto LG, Souza GR, Kusuda R, Lopes AH, Sant’Anna MB, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Cunha TM (2019) Non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons are essential for mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity in mice. Mol Neurobiol 56(8):5715-5728. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1494-5

Objective: To determine the role of non-peptidergic nociceptors in mediating mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity in mice.

Summary: rIB4-SAP oblates non-peptidergic neurons as displayed by the decrease of purinoceptor 3. The depletion of these neurons inhibited the mechanical inflammatory sensitivity induced by GDMF and carrageenan, but not by other expected factors such as nerve growth factor implying the role of this subset of neurons to be one of mediation as opposed to direct nociception.

Usage: IB4-SAP (0.16–3.2 μg/5 μl, i.t.), unconjugated Saporin (as control, 1.8 μg/5 μl, i.t.), or saline (vehicle, 5 μl/i.t.) were injected into the subarachnoid space on the midline between the L5 and L6 vertebrae.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Plum T (2019) Identification of lineage-specific markers for therapeutic targeting of mast cells. Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany Thesis. doi: 10.11588/heidok.00023555

Usage: Mice were injected i.v. with either 100 µg of 1:1 molar mixture of biotinylated CD63 antibody and Streptavidin-ZAP (60 µg mAb + 40 µg SAP) or with 40 µg SAP alone. All injections were performed in 200 µl PBS.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Saika F, Kiguchi N, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi D, Kishioka S (2019) Inflammatory macrophages in the sciatic nerves facilitate neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 368(3):535-544. doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.252668

Objective: To determine whether inflammatory macrophages contribute to neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM).

Summary: Inhibitory agents for macrophage-driven neuroinflammation could be potential candidates for novel pharmacotherapy against intractable neuropathic pain.

Usage: Injections of Mac-1-SAP or unconjugated Saporin (10 μl) were administered 3 times every 2 days. Perineural administration of Mac-1-SAP improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mechanical allodynia and the accumulation of F4/80+ macrophages and the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the SCN after HFD-feeding.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Mousseau M, Burma NE, Lee KY, Leduc-Pessah H, Kwok CHT, Reid AR, O’Brien M, Sagalajev B, Stratton JA, Patrick N, Stemkowski PL, Biernaskie J, Zamponi GW, Salo P, McDougall JJ, Prescott SA, Matyas JR, Trang T (2018) Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain. Sci Adv 4:1-12. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9846

Objective: To identify therapeutic targets for alleviating mechnical allodynia, a sign/symptom of arthritis.

Summary: The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channel is validated as a target; blockade of P2X7 receptors or ablation of spinal microglia prevented and reversed mechanical allodynia.

Usage: Mac-1-SAP and unconjugated Saporin (15 mg per intrathecal injection on days 0, 1, and 2). The specific depletion of spinal lumbar microglia attenuated the development of MIA-induced hypersensitivity indicating that spinal microglia causally contribute to the development of mechanical allodynia. By contrast, intrathecal injection of Control (unconjugated Saporin) did not alter the development of MIA-induced mechanical allodynia.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Tan HL, Yong C, Tan BZ, Fong WJ, Padmanabhan J, Chin A, Ding V, Lau A, Zheng L, Bi X, Yang Y, Choo A (2018) Conservation of oncofetal antigens on human embryonic stem cells enables discovery of monoclonal antibodies against cancer. Sci Rep 8:11608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30070-z

Objective: To identify and characterize an antibody raised using human embryonic stem cells with potential as a cancer therapeutic.

Summary: Antibody A19 not only binds to undifferentiated hESCs by flow cytometry, it also reacts with ovarian and breast cancer cell lines with low or no binding to normal cells.

Usage: in vitro – Number of viable cells treated showed a decrease in cell number (Hum-ZAP mixed with A19; Streptavidin-ZAP mixed with biotinylated A19). To determine if there were off-target effects, Hum-ZAP and chA19 were incubated with a non-binding cell line OVCAR10; no apparent cytotoxicity was observed. invivo – 5 x 106 SKOV3 cells were implanted s.c. in NUDE mice and Biotinylated A19-Streptavidin-ZAP (ADC), administered ip. The controls were free Saporin and naked A19. By the end of 10 weeks, mice administered with the ADC saw a 60% reduction in tumor size compared to control groups.

Related Products: Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Naves LM, Marques SM, Mourão AA, Fajemiroye JO, Xavier CH, de Castro CH, Rebelo ACS, Rosa DA, Gomes RM, Colombari E, Pedrino GR (2018) Involvement of median preoptic nucleus and medullary noradrenergic neurons in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses of hemorrhagic rats. Sci Rep 8:11276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29310-z

Objective: To evaluate the involvement of median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and medullary noradrenergic neurons (A1 and A2) in HSS-induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in hemorrhagic rats.

Summary: The recovery of MAP and HSS-induced sympathoinhibition in hemorrhaged rats depend on intact neural projections from A1 and A2 to MnPO.

Usage: In order to achieve A1 and/or A2 neuronal lesions, Anti-DBH-SAP (100 nL, 0.105 ng·nL−1 ) was nanoinjected into the CVLM and NTS region, respectively. In sham groups, the equimolar of Saporin (100 nL, 0.022 ng·nL−1 ) was nanoinjected into the same site.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)