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An AIEgen-based carrier enables efficient cytosolic delivery of bioactive proteins
Yang Y, Jia H, Yang L, He B, Zhang K, Liu H (2026) An AIEgen-based carrier enables efficient cytosolic delivery of bioactive proteins. Int J Nanomedicine 21:1-14. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S557672
Summary: The authors report a novel AIEgen (Aggregation-induced emission luminogen) -based carrier, MTPABP-Guided-Intracellular-Carrier (MAGIC), that achieves high efficiency in delivering native proteins into the cytosol. MAGIC efficiently delivered trypsin, RNase A, and saporin into the cytosol of mammalian cell lines while preserving their enzymatic or functional activity. The MAGIC delivery system holds significant promise for advancing the study of cellular physiology and enabling precise therapeutic interventions.
Usage: HeLa cells were treated with MTPABP/saporin complexes. Saporin concentration was 5 μg/mL. Free saporin served as a control.
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Progress, opportunity, and perspective on long term preservation of extracellular vesicles
Du R, Zhang Y, Wu S, Zixing W, Jing W (2025) Progress, opportunity, and perspective on long term preservation of extracellular vesicles. SSRN ssrn.5553381. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.5553381
Objective: To provide an overview of the biology, function, and biomedical application of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and introduce the method to evaluate the storage stability of EVs.
Summary: While there are multiple methods available for EVs preservation, each approach comes with its advantage and limitation. At present, the optimal storage method for various components in EVs is still unknown. The incorporation of cryoprotectants has proven beneficial in enhancing EV preservation. However, it’s important to acknowledge that the concentration of cryoprotectants significantly influences the cryopreservation outcome. Current assessment to evaluate EVs preservation emphasize the alterations in the morphology, size, particle number, and protein of EVs during preservation, however, the description on EVs preservation efficiency has not be standardized.
Usage: When HeLa cell-derived EVs underwent lyophilization, the structure and particle size remained unchanged, the zeta-potential remained around -10 mV before and after lyophilization. However, when the EVs were engineered with arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (R16 peptide) and encapsulated with saporin (SAP), the biological activity of EVs were highly affected after lyophilization (Noguchi et al., 2019).
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Hole in one: CD137-ADC eliminates GVHD
Nierkens S, Lindemans CA (2025) Hole in one: CD137-ADC eliminates GVHD. Blood 146(9):1038-1040. doi: 10.1182/blood.2025029867 PMID: 40875553
Objective: To show that a single dose of CD137-ADC can prevent acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while pre-serving immune reconstitution in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of stem cell transplantation.
Summary: Results showed that animals treated with CD137-ADC exhibited markedly reduced clinical and histopathological features of GVHD, improved survival, and, notably, no need for additional immunosuppressive therapy. Although still in preclinical development, these findings support the potential for translation to highly needed human therapy.
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The physiological and pathological mechanisms of LIN2, LIN7, LIN10 and their tripartite complex
Shang Y, Gan X, Dang Y, Liu J, Liu P (2025) The physiological and pathological mechanisms of LIN2, LIN7, LIN10 and their tripartite complex. J Cell Mol Med 29(15):e70794. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70794 PMID: 40801824
Objective: To furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the prospective utilization of polarity proteins and their complex as cancer markers and therapeutic targets.
Summary: Authors have found that LIN2, LIN7, and LIN10, as well as their complexes, play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity. They are also involved in two physiological processes: synaptic transmission and receptor localization. Additionally, LIN2, LIN7, and LIN10 are linked to the pathological processes of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, they regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of cancer cells through various pathways.
Usage: The PDZ domain of LIN2 can target binding to CD98, a negative prognostic marker for human glioblastoma cells. Constructing a chimera of the PDZ domain of LIN2 with the ribosome-inactivating protein Saporin (PR-01) and enhancing the activity of this chimera as the number of PDZ domains increases can effectively increase cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells, GL15 and U87.
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Nanoparticle-based delivery strategies for combating drug resistance in cancer therapeutics
Park S, Lu GL, Zheng YC, Davison EK, Li Y (2025) Nanoparticle-based delivery strategies for combating drug resistance in cancer therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 17(16):2628. doi: 10.3390/cancers17162628 PMID: 40867257
Objective: To explore how nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can address the challenge of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy by improving drug accumulation in tumors, enhancing targeting specificity, and enabling controlled or stimulus-responsive drug release.
Summary: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies offer a promising and multifaceted approach to overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. Nanocarriers can address many limitations and challenges associated with conventional chemotherapy by enhancing the intracellular drug accumulation at tumor sites, bypassing efflux transporters, facilitating targeted delivery, and enabling in vivo gene modulation.
Usage: Lipid-saporin nanoparticles were utilized to bypass efflux transporters via the co-delivery of anticancer drugs with ABC transporters, leading to an increase in intracellular drug concentrations and the re-sensitization of drug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Synergistic effect of guanidinium and tertiary amine groups on boosting gene delivery
Li Y, Liu J, Yao L, Mao T, Wang X, He Z, Lyu J, Wang W (2025) Synergistic effect of guanidinium and tertiary amine groups on boosting gene delivery. JACS Au 5(8):3951-3959. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.5c00592 PMID: 40881396
Objective: To design and develop a new versatile branched poly (β-aminoester) (PAE)-based delivery system by incorporating the synergistic effects of guanidinium and tertiary amine functional groups, resulting in enhanced nucleic acid (DNA/mRNA) delivery.
Summary: The results show that self-assembly occurs when polymers containing different functional groups are mixed, which changes the interactions between molecules and significantly affects the structure of the polyplex. This synergy was found to significantly enhance cellular uptake, contributing to improved transfection efficiency.
Usage: The protein delivery capabilities of these polymers were further evaluated by delivering the toxic protein Saporin (SAP) in HEK cells. The results showed that all polymers were effective, with cell killing rates exceeding 70%; however, no significant differences were observed among the polymers.
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Alternative treatments and potential cures for type 1 diabetes
Peterson D (2025) Alternative treatments and potential cures for type 1 diabetes. SD State Univ Thesis.
Objective: To discuss alternative treatment for type one diabetes.
Summary: The use of immunological therapies and stem cells differentiated in insulin-like secreting beta cells is at the forefront of therapies aimed at preserving beta cell function and the potential of a cure for type one diabetes. A recent study evaluated multiple cell lines with the NKp46 receptor present to examine the effects of a new antibody drug called 02. The result was that the 02-saporin significantly decreased the NK tumor cell line from proliferating.
Usage: 02-saporin was introducted to a NK tumor cell line while comparing another well-known drug with saporin attached.
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Peptide coacervates as intracellular delivery vehicles for synergistic cancer photothermal- and chemo-therapies
Huang C, Gudlur S, Maricar S, Chen Z, Shebanova A, Sun Y, Saliba V, Xu C, Zou Y, Zhang J, Boujday S, Miserez A (2025) Peptide coacervates as intracellular delivery vehicles for synergistic cancer photothermal- and chemo-therapies. APL Bioeng 9(3):036101. doi: 10.1063/5.0279643 PMID: 40642324
Objective: To present a solution for intracellular delivery of large molecules using GW26 coacervate microdroplets (CMs), a peptide-based system, as a dual-function platform that not only facilitates the controlled release of therapeutic cargos but also enhances cancer cell death through photothermal therapy (PTT).
Summary: GW26 CMs exhibit high recruiting efficiency of photothermal (PT) materials—chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gold nanorods—with over 80% efficiency. These CMs demonstrate high cellular uptake in tumor cells, with 98% of CT26 colon carcinoma cells successfully internalizing Ce6-loaded CMs. The co-recruitment of the cytotoxic protein saporin enables synergistic PT and chemotherapeutic cancer treatments among all these cells, further enhancing the therapeutic effect, in some cases exhibiting a near-complete loss in cell viability. This approach combines efficient recruitment, controlled cargo release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, positioning GW26 CMs as a promising platform for multimodal cancer therapies.
Usage: Characterization of co-delivery of PT materials and saporin (4.5 ul) and their cell cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Multifunctional nanoparticles to over come ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance in cancer: A short review
Ishtiaque S, Ahman S, Farooqui A, Siddiqui MH, Faridi SA (2025) Multifunctional nanoparticles to over come ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance in cancer: A short review. IJERT 13(6)
Objective: To examine innovative multifunctional nanoparticle strategies designed to overcome transporter-mediated efflux mechanism.
Summary: Authors analyze nanocarrier platforms enabling targeted co-delivery of chemotherapeutics with transporter inhibitors, gene-silencing approaches suppressing efflux pump expression, and stimuli-responsive systems exploiting tumor microenvironment features. The work highlights emerging technologies including nanobots and AI-designed nanoparticles while addressing translational challenges like protein corona formation and manufacturing scalability.
Usage: Lipid-SAP (EC16-1/saporin) was mentioned as one of the selected preclinical studies of nanoparticle platforms targeting ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance.
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CD320 receptor and vitamin B12 as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy
Tolymbekova A, Lezina L (2025) CD320 receptor and vitamin B12 as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 26(12):5652. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125652 PMID: 40565117
Objective: To develop therapies discriminating between healthy and cancerous cells to prevent unwanted toxicity of anticancer agents.
Summary: One possible method is to target proteins overexpressed in cancer but not in normal cells. CD320 is a receptor responsible for the uptake of the transcobalamin-bound fraction of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which is necessary for DNA synthesis, and thus, cell proliferation. CD320 was shown to be overexpressed in many cancers and its potential role as an early cancer biomarker was confirmed in several studies.
Usage: In CD320-overexpressing HEK293 cells, a 2.5 nM concentration of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with saporin was enough to induce a 100% inhibition of proliferation, while in normal HEK293 cells, the same concentration of antibodies induced approximately 50% inhibition of cell proliferation.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)