References

Lee J, Jeong D, Lee J, Chang W, Chang J (2016) The effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis deep brain stimulation on memory function in a rat model of dementia. BMC Neurol 16:6. doi: 10.1186/s12883-016-0529-z

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the application of electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain for treating disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study investigated whether stimulation of brain structures associated with memory can enhance cognitive function.

Summary: Results indicate that DBS has beneficial effects on consolidation and retrieval of visuospatial memory.

Usage: The authors lesioned the basal forebrain of rats through bilateral injections totaling 5 μg of 192-IgG-SAP into the lateral ventricle. Animals then received DBS to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and were tested in a Morris water maze task.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Hulsey D, Hays S, Khodaparast N, Ruiz A, Das P, Rennaker R, Kilgard M (2016) Reorganization of motor cortex by vagus nerve stimulation requires cholinergic innervation. Brain Stimul 9:174-181. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.12.007

Summary: Recent work has suggested that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can enhance neuroplasticity, and coupled with other training can drive motor cortex reorganization. These findings highlight the potential of VNS to support recovery from neurological disease. Pretrained rats received bilateral injections totaling 3.75 μg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis (NB). Mouse-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as control. Control animals displayed a substantial increase in proximal limb representation, lesion of the NB prevented this increase. Motor performance was similar between lesion and control groups, indicating that the difference in representation was not due to altered limb function.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Jeong D, Oh J, Lee J, Lee J, Cho Z, Chang J, Chang W (2016) Basal forebrain cholinergic deficits reduce glucose metabolism and function of cholinergic and gabaergic systems in the cingulate cortex. Yonsei Med J 57:165-172. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.165

Summary: A common result of cholinergic neuron loss in the hippocampus and cortical regions due to Alzheimer’s disease is a reduction in glucose metabolism. The authors examine the interaction between the cell loss and metabolic changes. Rats received 5-μg bilateral cortical injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), were subject to water maze testing, and analyzed by 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Lesioned animals displayed decreased learning performance and reduced metabolic activity in the cingulate cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Harasawa I, Johansen J, Fields H, Porreca F, Meng I (2016) Alterations in the rostral ventromedial medulla after the selective ablation of μ-opioid receptor expressing neurons. Pain 157:166-173. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000344

Summary: The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) has both excitatory and inhibitory control over nociceptive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn and spinal cord. Previous work has demonstrated that elimination of mu-opioid receptor-expressing neurons in the RVM reduces stress and injury-induced behavioral hypersensitivity, but the effect of losing these cells on the descending inhibitory system has not been examined. The authors administered 1.2 pmol of Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) to each side of the RVM of rats. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Characterization of RVM neurons in lesioned animals showed a reduction in on- and off-cells, but no change in the number of neutral cells. These data indicate that mu-opioid receptor-expressing cells in the RVM are not needed for analgesia produced by activation of RVM neurons.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Horner KA, Murray R, Logan Merce MC (2016) Featured Article: Striatal patch compartment lesions reduce cocaine-induced repetitive behaviors. Targeting Trends 17(1)

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Horner KA et al. Ablation of the patch compartment reduces cocaine-induced stereotypy. Neuroscience 2015 Abstracts 506.23/M12, 2015. Society for Neuroscience, Chicago IL

Gulino R (2016) Neuroplasticity and repair in rodent neurotoxic models of spinal motoneuron disease. Neural Plast 2016:2769735. doi: 10.1155/2016/2769735

Summary: TDP-43 (Transactive response DNA-binding protein) is a highly conserved nuclear protein that binds both DNA and RNA. It has been found in cytoplasmic protein aggregates of patients with conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. In this work the authors examine the role of TDP-43 in spinal cord plasticity. Mice received bilateral 3-μg injections of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscles. The results indicate that motor performance is dependent on expression of synapsin-I, which in turn may be dependent on TDP-43.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Xia W, Liu Y (2016) Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons: A promising approach to prevent sudden cardiac death. Int J Cardiol 202:425-426. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.049

Summary: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) refers to an unexpected death due to cardiovascular causes, occurring generally within 1 hr of symptom onset, in a person without any prior condition that would appear fatal. Currently, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to be the most effective therapy for preventing SCD. However, the occurrence of lead complications is significant and more importantly, the ICD implantation remains costly and the quality of life for recipients is significantly affected with appropriate and inappropriate shocks. Sympathetic activation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias leading to SCD, and neuraxial modulation is emerging as an important avenue of therapeutic intervention. The authors demonstrate that targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons by bilateral stellate ganglia injection of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) is a novel method for sympathetic blockade. CTB-SAP will be retrogradely transported to the plasma membranse of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) and bind to the GM1 gangliosides and subsequently ablate these neurons. Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons by injection of CTB-SAP avoids the limitations of medical therapy and thoracic sympathectomy, such as incomplete compliance, Horner’s syndrome, and compensatory hyperhidrosis. Furthermore, they found that targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons reduces resting, reflex and exercise-induced sustained ventricular tachycardia, associated with a reduced number of neurons in the stellate ganglia and spinal cord, as well as a reduced left ventricular norepinephrine content and sympathetic innervation density. Therefore, targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons may be a promising approach to prevent SCD via regulating the cardiac autonomic nervous system.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Petrosini L, De Bartolo P, Cutuli D, Gelfo F (2016) Perinatal 192 IgG-saporin as neuroteratogen. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 29:111-123. doi: 10.1007/7854_2015_418

Summary: The authors discuss the effects of perinatal administration of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) and areas of research that have been investigated through the use of these lesions. The chapter covers a description of 192-IgG-SAP, lesioning methods, and outlines the short- and long-term biochemical, structural, behavioral, and cognitive effects of 192-IgG-SAP administration.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

McCabe KL, Kunzevitzky NJ, Chiswell BP, Xia X, Goldberg JL, Lanza R (2015) Efficient generation of human embryonic stem cell-derived corneal endothelial cells by directed differentiation. PLoS One 10(12):e0145266. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145266 PMID: 26689688

Usage: For immunostaining of the expression of Zona Occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), p75/NGFR and CD31, traditional methods were utilized. Anti-NGFr (p75) 1:100.

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Lai BQ, Qiu XC, Zhang K, Zhang RY, Jin H, Li G, Shen HY, Wu JL, Ling EA, Zeng YS (2015) Cholera toxin b subunit shows transneuronal tracing after injection in an injured sciatic nerve. PLoS One 10(12):e0144030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144030 PMID: 26640949

Related Products: Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)