References

Kim E, Hwang S-H, Kim H-K, Abdi S, Kim HK (2019) Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia. Mol Neurobiol 56(11):7408-7419. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1616-0 PMID: 31037647

Objective: To assess losartan’s analgesic effect on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) in rats and its mechanism of action in dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

Summary: The mechanical thresholds, protein levels of inflammatory cytokines, and cellular location of AT1R and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the DRG were assessed with behavioral testing, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Usage: western blot (1:100)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Thorén MM, Chmielarska Masoumi K, Krona C, Huang X, Kundu S, Schmidt L, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Floyd Keep M, Englund E, Nelander S, Holmqvist B, Lundgren-Åkerlund E (2019) Integrin α10, a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma, regulates cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Cancers (Basel) 11(4):587. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040587 PMID: 31027305

Objective: To investigate the potential of integrin alpha10beta1 as a therapeutic target in glioblastomas (GBMs).

Summary: Integrin alpha10beta1 has a crucial role in the migration, proliferation, and survival of GBM cells and that an integrin alpha10beta1 antibody–drug conjugate induced cell death of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Usage: Infusions of anti- 10-SAP or Anti-ctrl-SAP were made icv (1 mcg/2 L per infusion).

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Pang HW, Linares A, Couling L, Santollo J, Ancheta L, Daniels D, Speth RC (2019) Novel high molecular weight albumin-conjugated angiotensin II activates β-arrestin and G-protein pathways. Endocrine 66(2):349-359. doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01930-z

Objective: To study the ability of a novel bovine serum albumin-angiotensin II (BSA-Ang II) conjugate to effect responses of the AT1 angiotensin II receptor subtype mediated by the G-protein-coupled and the beta-arrestin pathways.

Summary: BSA-Ang II and Ang II stimulated water appetite equivalently but BSA-Ang II stimulated saline appetite more than Ang II. Both BSA-Ang II and Ang II were considerably more potent at causing calcium mobilization than β-arrestin binding.

Usage: Angiotensin II (Ang II) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin and compared with Ang II for competition binding to AT1 receptors, to stimulate aldosterone release from adrenocortical cells, to promote beta-arrestin binding to AT1 receptors, to promote calcium mobilization, and stimulate drinking of water and saline by rats.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Suarez AN, Noble EE, Kanoski SE (2019) Regulation of memory function by feeding-relevant biological systems: Following the breadcrumbs to the hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 12:101. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00101 PMID: 31057368

Objective: To review the literature describing interconnections between the memory and feeding circuits of the body.

Summary: Gastrointestinal and memory systems within the body are heavily intertwined, something that has been evolutionarily selected for by having to remember food locations, social factors, etc. CCK-SAP (IT-31) has been used to study the connection of gastrointestinal-derived vagal-sensory neurons by selectively lesioning them. These CCK-SAP-treated rats were compared to un-lesioned animals and showed reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor and memory impairment

Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)

See Also:

• Suarez AN et al. Gut vagal sensory signaling regulates hippocampus function through multi-order pathways. Nat Commun 9(1):2181, 2018.

Deura C, Minabe S, Ikegami K, Inoue N, Uenoyama Y, Maeda KI, Tsukamura H (2019) Morphological analysis for neuronal pathway from the hindbrain ependymocytes to the hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons. J Reprod Dev 65(2):129-137. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2018-122

Objective: To examine the existence of a neuronal pathway from the hindbrain ependymocytes to kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV).

Summary: The hindbrain ependymocytes have neuronal connections with the kisspeptin neurons, most probably via hindbrain noradrenergic and CRH neurons to relay low energetic signals for regulation of reproduction.

See: I’Anson H et al. Immunotoxic destruction of distinct catecholaminergic neuron populations disrupts the reproductive response to glucoprivation in female rats. Endocrinology 144(10):4325-4331, 2003.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Benade V, Daripelli S, Tirumalasetty C, Subramanian R, Petlu S, Badange R, Nirogi R (2019) 0054 SUVN-G3031, a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist produces wake promoting effect in orexin-2-saporin lesioned rats. Sleep 42(Supplement_1):A22-A23. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.053

Summary: Rats lesioned with Orexin-SAP in lateral hypothalamus produced narcoleptic-like behavior.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Urquhart MA, Ross JA, Reyes BAS, Nitikman M, Thomas SA, Mackie K, Van Bockstaele EJ (2019) Noradrenergic depletion causes sex specific alterations in the endocannabinoid system in the Murine prefrontal cortex. Neurobiology of Stress 10:100164. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100164

Objective: To determine the effects of NE depletion on the eCB system.

Summary: The results suggest that the endocannabinoids (eCB) system may be more responsive in males than females under conditions of NE perturbation, thus having potential implications for sex-specific treatment strategies of stress-related psychiatric disorders.

Usage: The authors used a DBH knockout model and DSP-4 (a compound that depletes endogenous norepinephrine and enhances release of [3H]norepinephrine). More specific mechanisms for further corroboration could be undertaken, such as using Anti-DBH-SAP to provide a more complete lesion compared to DSP-4.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Abudukeyoumu N, Garcia-Munoz M, Nakano Y, Arbuthnott GW (2018) Featured Article: Impaired reach-to-grasp responses in mice depleted of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Targeting Trends 19

Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Abudukeyoumu N et al. Impaired reach-to-grasp responses in mice depleted of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Neuroscience 2018 Abstracts 491.01 / MM13, 2018. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA

Amano M, Amiya N, Yamamoto N, Osugi T, Tsutsui K (2019) Immunohistochemical detection of prolactin-releasing peptide2 in the brain of the inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri. Gen Comp Endocrinol 274:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.005 PMID: 30571962

Objective: To identify Prolactin-releasing peptide2 (PrRP2) in hagfish.

Summary: The study demonstrates, for the first time, that PrRP2 is expressed in the brain of inshore hagfish. The restricted distribution of PrRP2-ir fibers in the HYinf suggests that PrRP2 does not directly regulate the pituitary gland, but regulates the function of the HYinf where PQRFa and CRH are expressed.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:1000). The authors clarified the cross-reactivity of the antibody against other CRH family peptides, such as urocortin-I, II, III, urotensin-I, and sauvagine: the cross-reactivity of anti-CRH against CRH family peptides was found to be less than 0.01%, indicating the specificity of the antibody.

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Souza G, Stornetta R, Stornetta D, Abbott S, Guyenet P (2019) Contribution of retrotrapezoid nucleus and carotid bodies to asphyxia‐induced arousal in rats. FASEB J 33(1):733.6. Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting Abstracts doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.733.6

Objective: To determine whether the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is implicated in CO2-induced arousal.

Summary: The authors confirm the importance of the CBs to hypoxia-induced arousal and demonstrate that arousal to hypercapnia is selectively reduced after RTN lesion.

Usage: RTN was nearly completely destroyed with microinjections of SSP-SAP (2.4 ng).

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)