References

Seven YB, Simon AK, Sajjadi E, Zwick A, Satriotomo I, Mitchell GS (2020) Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition protects phrenic motor neurons from cell death induced by protein synthesis inhibition. Exp Neurol 323:113067. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113067

Objective: To test the hypothesis that A2A receptor antagonism promotes phrenic motor neuron survival and preserves diaphragm function when faced with toxic, neurodegenerative insults that lead to phrenic motor neuron death.

Summary: The authors utilized a novel neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death using intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP. A2A receptors contribute to neurotoxic phrenic motor neuron death, an effect mitigated by A2A receptor antagonism.

Usage: Intrapleural administration of CTB-SAP (25 μg per side) causes: 1) profound phrenic motor neuron death (~5% survival); 2) ~7-fold increase in phrenic motor neuron A2A receptor expression prior to cell death; and 3) diaphragm muscle paralysis (inactive in most rats; ~7% residual diaphragm EMG amplitude during room air breathing).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Zhao Q, Zheng K, Ma C, Li J, Zhuo L, Huang W, Chen T, Jiang Y (2020) Ptps facilitates compartmentalized LTBP1 S-nitrosylation and promotes tumor growth under hypoxia. Mol Cell 77(1):95-107.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.018 PMID: 31628042

Objective: To investigate whether there is a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of LTBP1-TGF-b signaling by the BH4-biosynthesis pathway.

Summary: GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), and sepiapterin reductase (SR) are sequentially responsible for de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a known cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). PTPS metabolic activity is required for colorectal tumor cell growth under hypoxia.

Usage: Immunoblotting

Related Products: NO-L-Cysteine Mouse Monoclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T125)

Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Schultz HD, Silva JN, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R (2020) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreceptor neurons elicits disordered breathing and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 318(1):L27-L40. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2019

Objective: To determine the role of the central chemoreflex in the development of respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure (HF).

Summary: Episodic hypercapnic stimulation triggers ventilatory plasticity and elicits cardiorespiratory abnormalities in HF that are largely dependent on retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) chemoreceptor neurons.

Usage: Bilateral injections of SSP-SAP, 0.6 ng/30 nL, into the RTN were administered to destroy chemoreceptor neurons.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Patrone LGA, Capalbo AC, Marques DA, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH (2020) An age- and sex-dependent role of catecholaminergic neurons in the control of breathing and hypoxic chemoreflex during postnatal development. Brain Res 1726:146508. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146508

Objective: To discover the role of brainstem catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR).

Summary: Brainstem CA neurons modulate the HVR during the postnatal phase, and possibly thermoregulation during hypoxia.

Usage: Evaluation of brainstem CA neurons in the HVR during postnatal development in male and female rats through specific cell depletion with Anti-DBH-SAP (420 ng/nL) injected in the fourth ventricle.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Shin J, Kong C, Lee J, Choi BY, Sim J, Koh CS, Park M, Na YC, Suh SW, Chang WS, Chang JW (2019) Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in a cholinergic degeneration dementia rat model. Alzheimers Res Ther 11(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0569-x

Objective: To investigate the decrease of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Summary: This work studied the effect of FUS on AHN in a cholinergic degeneration rat model of dementia.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricle (4 μl at a concentration of 0.63 μg/μl at a rate of 1 μl/min).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wensley HJ, Johnston DA, Smith WS, Holmes SE, Flavell SU, Flavell DJ (2019) A flow cytometric method to quantify the endosomal escape of a protein toxin to the cytosol of target cells. Pharm Res 37(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s11095-019-2725-1 PMID: 31873810

Rizvanovic H, Pinheiro AD, Kim K, Thomas J (2019) Chlorotoxin conjugated with saporin reduces viability of ML-1 thyroid cancer cells in vitro. bioRxiv 885483. doi: 10.1101/2019.12.20.885483

Objective: To determine whether Chlorotoxin-conjugated Saporin (CTX-SAP) would inhibit the growth of aggressive thyroid cancer cell lines expressing MMP-2.

Summary: This in vitro study demonstrated the efficacy of a CTX-SAP conjugate in reducing the viability of ML-1 thyroid cancer cells in a dose dependent manner.

Usage: There was a statistically significant reduction in cell viability with increasing concentrations of the CTX-SAP conjugate (biotinylated Chlorotoxin mixed with Streptavidin-ZAP). The cell viability of ML-1 cells was decreased by 49.77% with the treatment of 600 nM of CTX-SAP (F=44.24). Unconjugated Chlorotoxin or Saporin had no significant effect on cell viability a using similar assay.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Chlorotoxin-SAP (Cat. #IT-86)

Abbasloo E, Najafipour H, Vakili A (2020) Chronic treatment with apelin, losartan and their combination reduces myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac mechanical function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 47:393-402. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13195 PMID: 31630435

Objective: To determine the effect of chronic pretreatment with apelin, losartan and their combination on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the isolated perfused rat heart and on the expression of apelin-13 receptor (APJ) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the myocardium.

Summary: Chronic pretreatment with apelin along with AT1R antagonist had more protective effects against IR injury.

Usage: 1:10000

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Gao Y, Gao B, Zhu H, Yu Q, Xie F, Chen C, Li Q (2019) Adipose-derived stem cells embedded in platelet-rich plasma scaffolds improve the texture of skin grafts in a rat full-thickness wound model. Burns 46(2):377-385. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.07.041 PMID: 31852618

Usage: western (1:500)

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)

Zhou Y (2019) PMP22 regulates lipid metabolism and cholesterol trafficking: The implication for hereditary peripheral neuropathies. University of Florida Thesis.

Objective: To study the extent of lipid abnormalities and to examine the underlying mechanisms, they determined the expression of lipid-related molecules, and studied morphological and functional alterations in the nerve, liver, and cultured cells from PMP22 KO mice.

Summary: The study reveals a novel role of PMP22 in regulating lipid metabolism and cholesterol trafficking, provide critical information for understanding the pathology of peripheral neuropathies, and shed light on the potential therapy for PMP22-linked neuropathies.

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)