References

Garcia YR, May JJ, Green AM, Krolick KA (2001) Acetylcholine receptor-reactive antibody induces nitric oxide production by a rat skeletal muscle cell line: influence of cytokine environment. J Neuroimmunol 120(1-2):103-111. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00414-3 PMID: 11694325

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Baxter MG (2001) Effects of selective immunotoxic lesions on learning and memory. (eds. Hall WA). In: Immunotoxin Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. 166:249-265. Humana Press. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-114-0:249

Summary: Dr. Baxter presents a brief review of studies using immunotoxins to study learning and memory. In particular, this chapter focuses on the use of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) for elimination of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wiley RG (2001) Toxin-induced death of neurotrophin-sensitive neurons. (eds. Rush RA). In: Neurotrophin Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. 169:217-222. Humana Press. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-060-8:217

Summary: Wiley discusses some of the specifics of using 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) to eliminate cells expressing the rat p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Wiley also describes the sequence of events following treatment with 192-Saporin from binding of the immunotoxin through ribosomal inactivation and cell death. Methods of handling the immunotoxin and injection are also addressed.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Beninger RJ, Dringenberg HC, Boegman RJ, Jhamandas K (2001) Cognitive effects of neurotoxic lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in rats: differential roles for corticopetal versus amygdalopetal projections. Neurotox Res 3(1):7-21. doi: 10.1007/BF03033227

Summary: The cholinergic hypothesis states that projections of cholinergic neurons from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis to cortical and amygdalar targets are important in memory. This review discusses the work done on the cholinergic hypothesis using non-specific lesioning agents such as ibotenate and quisqualate, and the specific targeted conjugate 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The authors conclude that cholinergic targets in both the cortex and amygdala are important for the control of memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Sinakevitch-Pean I, Geffard M, Plotnikova SI (2001) Localization of glutamate in the nervous system of the fly drosophila melanogaster: An immunocytochemical study. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 37(1):64-68. doi: 10.1023/A:1017574120553 PMID: 11424530

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Schreihofer A (2001) Featured Article: Immunolesioning: From spinal cord to brain. Targeting Trends 2(1)

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Schreihofer AM et al. Sympathetic reflexes after depletion of bulbospinal catecholaminergic neurons with anti-DBH-saporin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R729-R742, 2000.
• Schreihofer AM et al. Role of presympathetic C1 neurons in the sympatholytic and hypotensive effects of clonidine in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R1753-R1762, 2000.
• Schreihofer AM et al. Regulation of sympathetic tone and arterial pressure by rostral ventrolateral medulla after depletion of C1 cells in rat. J Physiol 529(1):221-236, 2000.

Perry T, Hodges H, Gray JA (2001) Behavioural, histological and immunocytochemical consequences following 192 IgG-Saporin immunolesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Brain Res Bull 54(1):29-48. doi: 10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00413-5

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been used extensively as a model for Alzheimer’s Disease. The neuronal deficits caused by intraparenchymal forebrain injections (0.3-0.51 µg/µl) are apparent during tasks demanding attentional processing, but not standard tasks of learning and memory. Perry et al. compare the testing strategies for each deficit. They find that the water maze may not demand enough attentional processing to demonstrate deficits caused by this lesion. The authors also study long-term effects of 192-Saporin in rats. Although the authors produced very useful data at five to six months, they found evidence of an inflammatory response and non-specific cell death eleven months post treatment, indicating 192-Saporin may be problematic for very long-term experiments.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Sawamura S, Kingery WS, Davies MF, Agashe GS, Clark JD, Kobilka BK, Hashimoto T, Maze M (2000) Antinociceptive action of nitrous oxide is mediated by stimulation of noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem and activation of a2B adrenoceptors. J Neurosci 20(24):9242-9251. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09242.2000

Summary: Nitrous oxide has been used extensively in surgical anesthesia for more than 150 years, but the molecular mechanism of action has not yet been defined. Sawamura et al. investigate whether noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem are involved in the analgesic action of nitrous oxide. The authors injected rats with anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to destroy pontine noradrenergic neurons. The treated rats demonstrated the usual sedative effects of nitrous oxide, but the analgesic effects were reduced or blocked. Coupled with data from null mice for the alpha2B adrenoceptor, the data indicates that alpha2 adrenoceptor subtypes and ligands are involved in the analgesic but not sedative effects of nitrous oxide.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Jasmin L, Janni G, Moallem TM, Lappi DA, Ohara PT (2000) Schwann cells are removed from the spinal cord after effecting recovery from paraplegia. J Neurosci 20(24):9215-9223. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09215.2000

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Berger-Sweeney J, Stearns NA, Frick KM, Beard B, Baxter MG (2000) Cholinergic basal forebrain is critical for social transmission of food preferences. Hippocampus 10(6):729-738. doi: 10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:6<729::AID-HIPO1010>3.0.CO;2-M PMID: 11153718

Objective: To examine whether the cholinergic basal forebrain plays a role in non-spatial associative memory, specifically, the social transmission of food preferences.

Summary: The authors lesioned rats with 192-IgG-SAP to create selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and examine the rats ability to recall learned social food preference. It was shown that this type of memory was strongly associated with cholinergic activity and implicates the cholinergic projection to the neocortex in the formation of social memories.

Usage: Rats were subjected to 192 IgG-SAP (IT-01) injections at 0.175 mg/ml spread across the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca bilaterally for a total of 2 microliters.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)