References

Mohapel P, Leanza G, Kokaia M, Lindvall O (2005) Forebrain acetylcholine regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and learning. Neurobiol Aging 26:939-946. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.015

Summary: New hippocampal neurons that are thought to be involved in memory formation are generated in the dentate gyrus (DG) throughout adulthood. In this study, rats were injected at various sites with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The authors found that acetylcholine levels, which are reduced upon administration of 192-Saporin, are linked to proliferation and/or short-term survival of DG neurons, rather than long-term survival or differentiation. Cognitive defects that could be linked to the reduced number of new neurons were also observed.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Hartonian I, de Lacalle S (2005) Compensatory changes in cortical cholinergic innervation in the rat following an immunotoxic lesion. Restor Neurol Neurosci 23(2):87-96.

Summary: The ability of damaged axons to grow and functionally reinnervate damaged areas of the brain is well documented. Here the authors study this process in the context of rats lesioned with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). 10.5 ng of the immunotoxin was injected into the right horizontal diagonal band of Broca, and animals were examined from 2 to 24 weeks later. Although the functionality of the neuronal ingrowth was not examined, surviving neurons did extend their terminals into the denervated area.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Scattoni ML, Puopolo M, Calamandrei G, Ricceri L (2005) Basal forebrain cholinergic lesions in 7-day-old rats alter ultrasound vocalisations and homing behaviour. Behav Brain Res 161(1):169-172. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.011

Summary: In this study the authors examined the effects of cholinergic depletion of the basal forebrain on the establishment and maintenance of mother-pup interaction in rats. Post-natal day 7 pups were lesioned with bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-Saporin (0.42 µg, Cat. #IT-01). Treated animals displayed a reduced number of ultrasonic vocalizations, as well as apparent increased difficulty in identifying the nest “boundary.” The evidence shows that early damage to basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei can influence behavior as early as the second-postnatal week.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ, Noonan CE, Takikawa O, Cullen KM (2005) Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and quinolinic acid immunoreactivity in Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 31(4):395-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00655.x PMID: 16008823

Related Products: Quinolinic Acid Rabbit Polyclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T095)

Gu G, Kondo I, Hua XY, Yaksh TL (2005) Resting and evoked spinal substance P release during chronic intrathecal morphine infusion: parallels with tolerance and dependence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 314(3):1362-1369. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.087718 PMID: 15908510

Related Products: Antibody to NK-1 Receptor (Cat. #AB-N04)

Ridley RM, Baker HF, Leow-Dyke A, Cummings RM (2005) Further analysis of the effects of immunotoxic lesions of the basal nucleus of Meynert reveals substantial impairment on visual discrimination learning in monkeys. Brain Res Bull 65(5):433-442. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.025

Summary: Several studies in marmoset monkeys indicate that cholinergic projections from the NBM to specific portions of the neocortex are necessary for visual discrimination learning. By combining analysis of studies using a total of 1.4 µg of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) into various areas of the brain, the authors show that degeneration of cholinergic projections contributes to the loss of functions dependent on the neocortex.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Gilley D, Tanaka H, Herbert BS (2005) Telomere dysfunction in aging and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37(5):1000-1013. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.09.003 PMID: 15743674

Related Products: TRF1 Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-37)

Lopez-Coviella I, Follettie MT, Mellott TJ, Kovacheva VP, Slack BE, Diesl V, Berse B, Thies RS, Blusztajn JK (2005) Bone morphogenetic protein 9 induces the transcriptome of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(19):6984-6989. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502097102 PMID: 15870197

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01), NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Kuczewski N, Aztiria E, Leanza G, Domenici L (2005) Selective cholinergic immunolesioning affects synaptic plasticity in developing visual cortex. Eur J Neurosci 21(7):1807-1814. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04014.x

Summary: In this study the authors examined the role of subcortical cholinergic inputs in the regulation of plastic events in the visual cortex during early postnatal development. Four-day-old mouse pups were treated with a total of 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), using bilateral injections. Analysis of muscarinic receptor mRNA, long-term potentiation of cortex slices, and theta burst stimulation indicated that synaptic transmission and plasticity of the developing visual cortex depends on cholinergic input.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Winters BD, Bussey TJ (2005) Removal of cholinergic input to perirhinal cortex disrupts object recognition but not spatial working memory in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 21(8):2263-2270. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04055.x

Summary: The perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe is crucial to object recognition memory. The authors examined the role of cholinergic input from the basal forebrain in this process. Rats were injected bilaterally with 0.2 µl of 0.02 µg/µl 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into 3 sites of the perirhinal cortex, and tested in object recognition and spatial working memory tasks. Spatial working memory remained intact, but object recognition was impaired, indicating a specific function for cholinergic input to the perirhinal cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)