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Featured Article: Effects of intraseptal orexin-saporin on spatial memory
Pang K, Smith H (2005) Featured Article: Effects of intraseptal orexin-saporin on spatial memory. Targeting Trends 6(4)
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
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Septal innervation regulates the function of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in CA1 hippocampal interneurons.
Thinschmidt JS, Frazier CJ, King MA, Meyer EM, Papke RL (2005) Septal innervation regulates the function of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in CA1 hippocampal interneurons. Exp Neurol 195(2):342-352. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.05.006
Summary: The authors examined whether hippocampal innervation by medial septum/diagonal band of Broca projections is necessary for normal a7 receptor function. 1 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into the medial septum of rats. Various methods, including whole-cell patch clamping and immunohistochemistry, were used to evaluate the effects of these lesions. Lesioning with 192-Saporin did not affect a7 receptor currents, indicating that cholinergic neurons are not linked to a7 function.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Mammalian septins regulate microtubule stability through interaction with the microtubule-binding protein MAP4
Kremer BE, Haystead T, Macara IG (2005) Mammalian septins regulate microtubule stability through interaction with the microtubule-binding protein MAP4. Mol Biol Cell 16(10):4648-4659. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0267 PMID: 16093351
Related Products: Antibody to Septin-6 (9E7) (Cat. #AB-V87)
Spinal-supraspinal serotonergic circuits regulating neuropathic pain and its treatment with gabapentin.
Suzuki R, Rahman W, Rygh LJ, Webber M, Hunt SP, Dickenson AH (2005) Spinal-supraspinal serotonergic circuits regulating neuropathic pain and its treatment with gabapentin. Pain 117(3):292-303. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.06.015
Summary: The anticonvulsant, gabapentin, is thought to modulate calcium channel function. In animals, it also affects abnormal pain function. 10 µl of 1 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) was injected into the subarachnoid space of rats. It was found that the effects of gabapentin were blocked when NK-1r expressing neurons in the dorsal horn were eliminated. The results suggest that not only is the NK-1r pathway a determinant of neuronal and behavioral manifestations of neuropathy, it is also involved in the action of gabapentin.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Saporin and ricin A chain follow different intracellular routes to enter the cytosol of intoxicated cells.
Vago R, Marsden CJ, Lord JM, Ippoliti R, Flavell DJ, Flavell SU, Ceriotti A, Fabbrini MS (2005) Saporin and ricin A chain follow different intracellular routes to enter the cytosol of intoxicated cells. FEBS J 272(19):4983-4995. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04908.x
Summary: Some bacterial toxins such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A carry a KDEL-like C-terminal peptide sequence, which targets the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) is a plant ribosome-inactivating protein, which does not contain a KDEL-like sequence. Here the authors examined the intracellular pathways utilized by saporin. Although ricin, another plant ribosome-inactivating protein, could be visualized in the Golgi complex, saporin was not. The data suggest that saporin may utilize endosomes during its journey through the cell.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Selective acetylcholine and dopamine lesions in neonatal rats produce distinct patterns of cortical dendritic atrophy in adulthood.
Sherren N, Pappas BA (2005) Selective acetylcholine and dopamine lesions in neonatal rats produce distinct patterns of cortical dendritic atrophy in adulthood. Neuroscience 136(2):445-456. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.08.053
Summary: In this work the authors examined lesions of acetylcholine afferents in 7-day-old rat pups, and the effect on dendritic development. 600 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) were administered to the ventricles of test animals. Various morphological changes in the retrosplenial cortex were observed, including smaller apical tufts and fewer basilar dendritic branches in layer V medial prefrontal cells. The data demonstrate that ascending acetylcholine afferents are very important in the development of cortical cytoarchitecture.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Lecozotan (SRA-333): a selective serotonin 1A receptor antagonist that enhances the stimulated release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the hippocampus and possesses cognitive-enhancing properties.
Schechter LE, Smith DL, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Sukoff SJ, Dawson LA, Marquis K, Jones D, Piesla M, Andree T, Nawoschik S, Harder JA, Womack MD, Buccafusco J, Terry AV, Hoebel B, Rada P, Kelly M, Abou-Gharbia M, Barrett JE, Childers W (2005) Lecozotan (SRA-333): a selective serotonin 1A receptor antagonist that enhances the stimulated release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the hippocampus and possesses cognitive-enhancing properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 314(3):1274-1289. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.086363
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)
Cholinergic septo-hippocampal innervation is required for trace eyeblink classical conditioning.
Fontan-Lozano A, Troncoso J, Munera A, Carrion AM, Delgado-Garcia JM (2005) Cholinergic septo-hippocampal innervation is required for trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Learn Mem 12(6):557-563. doi: 10.1101/lm.28105
Summary: Classical conditioning of eyeblink responses can be used to evaluate cognitive deficits. The authors lesioned the medial septum/diagonal band of rats with 200 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), then examined classical and instrumental conditioning paradigms. Lesioned animals displayed a deficit in the acquisition, but not retrieval of eyeblink classical conditioning. The deficit was reversed by carbachol, a cholinergic muscarinic agonist, suggesting a role for the muscarinic system in the acquisition of new motor abilities.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons by 192 IgG-saporin is associated with decreased phosphorylation of Ser glycogen synthase kinase-3beta.
Hawkes C, Jhamandas JH, Kar S (2005) Selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons by 192 IgG-saporin is associated with decreased phosphorylation of Ser glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. J Neurochem 95(1):263-272. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03363.x
Summary: Glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) is an enzyme involved in a variety of biological events. In this study the authors examined the potential role of GSK-3ß in degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Rats were treated with 2.0 µg per ventricle injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), then GSK-3ß and other cholinergic marker levels were assayed. The results indicate that increased GSK-3ß activity can provide some protection from 192-IgG-SAP-induced degeneration of forebrain cholinergic neurons.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Nicotine-induced switch in the nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of facilitation of long-term potentiation induction.
Yamazaki Y, Jia Y, Hamaue N, Sumikawa K (2005) Nicotine-induced switch in the nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of facilitation of long-term potentiation induction. Eur J Neurosci 22(4):845-860. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04259.x
Summary: The authors investigated cellular mechanisms underlying improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease patients upon the administration of nicotine. To model Alzheimer’s disease in rats, 2 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Examination of the lesioned animals suggests that nicotine promotes the induction of long-term potentiation by enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate responses, and suppressing acetylcholine-mediated mechanisms in pyramidal cells.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)