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Inhibition within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) ameliorates environmental exploration deficits due to cerebellum lesions in an animal model for autism.
Walker BR, Diefenbach KS, Parikh TN (2007) Inhibition within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) ameliorates environmental exploration deficits due to cerebellum lesions in an animal model for autism. Behav Brain Res 176(1):109-120. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.008
Summary: In this work the authors use environmental exploration deficits in rats as a model for autism. Animals received 2 µg of either OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) or 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each ventricle. Only the OX7-SAP treated rats displayed a reduction in exploration behavior, and the anticonvulsant muscimol restored exploration behavior to control levels. This system may have use in controlling behavior deficits seen in autism.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)
Noncholinergic lesions of the medial septum impair sequential learning of different spatial locations.
Dwyer TA, Servatius RJ, Pang KC (2007) Noncholinergic lesions of the medial septum impair sequential learning of different spatial locations. J Neurosci 27:299-303. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4189-06.2007
Summary: The medial septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) have extensive connections to the hippocampus. In general, impairments due to loss of cholinergic neurons in this area have been smaller than those due to the loss of noncholinergic neurons. The authors treated rats with either 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) or kainic acid into each hemisphere of the medial septum. Behavioral testing following surgery demonstrated that the animals with noncholinergic lesions had impaired performance, even when compared to the animals with cholinergic lesions.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is upregulated in a subset of primary sensory afferents after nerve injury which are necessary for analgesia from alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Ma W, Eisenach JC (2007) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is upregulated in a subset of primary sensory afferents after nerve injury which are necessary for analgesia from alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation. Brain Res 1127(1):52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.008
Summary: Peripheral nerve injury resulting in neuropathic pain often responds poorly to opioid treatment. alpha2-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonists, however, perform better after this type of injury. After a spinal nerve ligation, rats were treated with a 0.6 µg-intrathecal injection of 192-saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The increase of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) caused by spinal ligation was abolished in the lesioned animals. The data indicate that AR agonists may reduce sensitization by activating nNOS fibers in the superficial dorsal horn.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Featured Article: Cholinergic immunolesioning produced tangle-like inclusions in TgCRND8 brain
Chauhan N (2007) Featured Article: Cholinergic immunolesioning produced tangle-like inclusions in TgCRND8 brain. Targeting Trends 8(1)
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.
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Low doses of antigen coupled to anti-CR2 mAbs induce rapid and enduring IgG immune responses in mice and in cynomolgus monkeys
Whipple EC, Ditto AH, Shanahan RS, Gatesman JJ, Little SF, Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA (2007) Low doses of antigen coupled to anti-CR2 mAbs induce rapid and enduring IgG immune responses in mice and in cynomolgus monkeys. Mol Immunol 44(4):377-388. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.032 PMID: 16631928
Related Products: Antibody to Complement C3 (10C7) (Cat. #AB-V80)
Binding Characteristics of IFN-alpha Subvariants to IFNAR2-EC and Influence of the 6-Histidine Tag.
Schmeisser H, Kontsek P, Esposito D, Gillette W, Schreiber G, Zoon KC (2006) Binding Characteristics of IFN-alpha Subvariants to IFNAR2-EC and Influence of the 6-Histidine Tag. J Interferon Cytokine Res 26(12):866-876. doi: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.866 PMID: 17238829
Related Products: Antibody to 6-His (Cat. #AB-20)
Substance P-saporin down-regulates substance P receptor immunoreactive sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral discs in rats.
Ohtori S, Inoue G, Koshi T, Ito T, Doya H, Moriya H, Takahashi K (2006) Substance P-saporin down-regulates substance P receptor immunoreactive sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral discs in rats. Spine 31:2987-2991. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000250306.12996.fa
Summary: Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor expressing neurons that innervate lumbar intervertebral discs may be involved in lower back pain. Here the authors investigate the basic effect of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) on neurons innervating the L5/6 intervertebral disc. Rats were injected with 175 ng of SP-SAP. The number of NK-1 receptor expressing neurons was reduced by over 75% in the treated animals, demonstrating SP-SAP as a useful tool to investigate the mechanism of discogenic low back pain, particulary for investigating behavioral impacts.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Selective lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis impair cognitive flexibility.
Cabrera SM, Chavez CM, Corley SR, Kitto MR, Butt AE (2006) Selective lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis impair cognitive flexibility. Behav Neurosci 120:298-306. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.2.298
Summary: In humans, one aspect of cognitive flexibility is being able to shift attention under a variety of pressures. Here the authors suggest that lesions to the cholinergic nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) will impair cognitive flexibility. The NBM of rats was lesioned with 0.08 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Both lesioned and controlled animals displayed a similar ability to learn a discrimination task, but lesioned animals displayed perseveration – the uncontrollable repetition of a previously correct response – indicating a loss of cognitive flexibility.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Estradiol effects on the dopamine transporter – protein levels, subcellular location, and function.
Watson CS, Alyea RA, Hawkins BE, Thomas ML, Cunningham KA, Jakubas AA (2006) Estradiol effects on the dopamine transporter – protein levels, subcellular location, and function. J Mol Signal 1:5. doi: 10.1186/1750-2187-1-5 PMID: 17224081
Related Products: Dopamine Transporter Rat Monoclonal (DAT-ECD) (Cat. #AB-N17)
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons control multiple glucoregulatory responses.
Ritter S, Dinh TT, Li AJ (2006) Hindbrain catecholamine neurons control multiple glucoregulatory responses. Physiol Behav 89(4):490-500. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.036
Summary: Glucose deficit evokes many responses in the brain. Recently these workers have been focusing on mechanisms eliciting glucoregulatory responses; the focus has settled on catecholaminergic neurons in the hindbrain. In a series of experiments rats received injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) terminal areas of hypothalamus and spinal cord. The data suggest that E/NE neurons coordinate various components of the behavioral response to glucoprivation.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)