References

Siva AC, Wild MA, Kirkland RE, Nolan MJ, Lin B, Maruyama T, Yantiri-Wernimont F, Frederickson S, Bowdish KS, Xin H (2008) Targeting CUB domain-containing protein 1 with a monoclonal antibody inhibits metastasis in a prostate cancer model. Cancer Res 68:3759-3766. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1657

Summary: CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is an antigen expressed on several metastatic cancers, as well as on CD34+ and CD133+ myeloid leukemic blast cells. After demonstrating in vitro activity of the monoclonal antibody 25A11 with Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) and Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22) the authors had a custom conjugation of 25A11 and saporin made for testing in mice. Goat-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19) was used as a control for in vivo experiments, and saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was the control in vitro. The direct conjugate significantly inhibited tumor growth as well as metastasis in vivo.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Goat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19), Saporin (Cat #PR-01)

Nattie E, Li A (2009) Central chemoreception is a complex system function that involves multiple brain stem sites. J Appl Physiol 106:1464-1466. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00112.2008

Summary: This short review discusses central chemoreception and the different neuronal subtypes that play roles in this process. The use of anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23) and anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) is mentioned in the context of how the loss of each of these cell types affects CO2 response in rats.

Related Products: Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Laalou FZ, de Vasconcelos AP, Oberling P, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC, Pain L (2008) Involvement of the basal cholinergic forebrain in the mediation of general (propofol) anesthesia. Anesthesiology 108:888-896. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d919b

Summary: The authors examined whether the basal forebrain cholinergic system is involved in mediating the effects of general anesthesia. Three different forms of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) administration were used: intracerebroventricular injection of 2 µg, 0.4 µg injected into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, and 0.8 µg into the medial septum/vertical diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that loss of cholinergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus leads to potentiation of the anesthetic effects of Propofol.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Kublaoui BM, Gemelli T, Tolson KP, Wang Y, Zinn AR (2008) Oxytocin deficiency mediates hyperphagic obesity of Sim1 haploinsufficient mice. Mol Endocrinol 22(7):1723-1734. doi: 10.1210/me.2008-0067 PMID: 18451093

Summary: Central administration of neuropeptides in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is known to inhibit feeding. Here the authors examined altered hypothalamic expression of PVN neuropeptides in Sim1+/- mice. Hypothalamic expression of several neuropeptides, including corticotrophin releasing hormone (Crh) was measured. To do so, anti-Crh (Cat. #AB-02, 1:800) was used in immunohistochemistry. The data suggests that these neurons are involved in melanocortin feeding circuits.

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Craig LA, Hong NS, Kopp J, McDonald RJ (2008) Emergence of spatial impairment in rats following specific cholinergic depletion of the medial septum combined with chronic stress. Eur J Neurosci 27:2262-2271. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06179.x

Summary: Although it is clear that loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain is intrinsic to Alzheimer’s disease, interaction of this loss with other factors in causing the disease symptoms has not been completely elucidated. Rats received bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca totaling 0.075 µg. Lesioned animals were not impaired in a water maze task, but lesioning combined with stress caused a significant reduction in performance.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

McGaughy J, Ross RS, Eichenbaum H (2008) Noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, deafferentation of prefrontal cortex impairs attentional set-shifting. Neuroscience 153:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.064

Summary: Norepinephrine and acetylcholine are involved in the mediation of attention, however, it is not yet clear whether the roles of these molecules are unique. This work utilizes a specific task shown to dissociate the roles played by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex in primates. Rats received 5-ng infusions of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) or 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into each hemisphere. The type of lesion had an effect on attentional shifts and reaction to irrelevant stimuli.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Harati H, Barbelivien A, Cosquer B, Majchrzak M, Cassel JC (2008) Selective cholinergic lesions in the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis with limited damage in the medial septum specifically alter attention performance in the five-choice serial reaction time task. Neuroscience 153:72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.031

Summary: The cognitive deficits reported in rats on use of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) are varied. Here the authors examined the effect of lesions in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) when septal damage was kept to a minimum. The NBM received bilateral 0.2-µg injections of 192-IgG-SAP, and the animals were then tested in a 5-choice serial reaction time task. The disruption of sustained visual attention remained, but other variables such as motivational, locomotion, and impulsivity-related biases were close to normal.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rahman W, Suzuki R, Hunt SP, Dickenson AH (2008) Selective ablation of dorsal horn NK(1) expressing cells reveals a modulation of spinal alpha2-adrenergic inhibition of dorsal horn neurones. Neuropharmacology 54:1208-1214. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.03.014

Summary: In this work the spinal origin of the major descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathway is examined with the help of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07). Rats received a 10-µl infusion of 1-mM SP-SAP (saporin, Cat. #PR-01, was used as a control) into the sub-arachnoid space terminating in the L4-5 region. Results from examining neuronal responses under the influence of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole suggest that NK1 expressing cells are involved with activity in noradrenergic pathways and descending facilitation.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Moreau PH, Cosquer B, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC, Mathis C (2008) Featured Article: Selective lesion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice with the mu p75-saporin immunotoxin: Neuroanatomy and behavior. Targeting Trends 9(2)

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Moreau PH et al. Neuroanatomical and behavioral effects of a novel version of the cholinergic immunotoxin mu p75-saporin in mice. Hippocampus 18(6):610-622, 2008.

Wiley RG (2008) Substance P receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: Lessons from the targeted cytotoxin, substance P-saporin. Pain 136:7-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.03.010

Summary: This review covers some of the more recent work utilizing SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) and SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) in the dorsal horn. Specific answers to experimental questions are discussed, as well as some of the questions generated by the research. The potential of SP-SAP and SSP-SAP as pain therapeutics is also explored, along with potential clinical applications of other targeted toxins in pain therapy.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)