References

Kaur S, Junek A, Black MA, Semba K (2008) Effects of ibotenate and 192IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata on spontaneous sleep and wake states and on recovery sleep after sleep deprivation in rats. J Neurosci 28:491-504. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1585-07.2008

Objective: To examine the role of this area of the brain in several facets of sleep behavior.

Summary: The results suggest that cholinergic neurons and non-cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain play different, but important roles in non-rapid eye movement sleep and EEG delta power after sleep loss. Non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons inhibit delta waves, whereas cholinergic neurons promote wakefulness.

Usage: The caudal basal forebrain of rats was lesioned with 0.26-µg bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Pang KCH, Jiao X, Servatius RJ (2008) Featured Article: Role of medial septal GABAergic neurons in learning and extinction: Effects of the novel GABA immunotoxin GAT1-SAP. Targeting Trends 9(1)

Related Products: GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Lo KW, Kogoy JM, Rasoul BA, King SM, Pfister KK (2007) Interaction of the DYNLT (TCTEX1/RP3) light chains and the intermediate chains reveals novel intersubunit regulation during assembly of the dynein complex. J Biol Chem 282(51):36871-36878. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705991200 PMID: 17965411

Related Products: Antibody to Dynein Light Chain 3 (10A3-C8-A1) (Cat. #AB-V72), Antibody to Dynein Light Chain 1/3 (10F6-D1-D9) (Cat. #AB-V73), Antibody to Dynein Light Chain 1/3 (6C4-C12-F8) (Cat. #AB-V74), Antibody to Dynein Light Chain 1 (7A9-F4-H10) (Cat. #AB-V75)

Blanco-Centurion C, Gerashchenko D, Shiromani PJ (2007) Effects of saporin-induced lesions of three arousal populations on daily levels of sleep and wake. J Neurosci 27:14041-14048. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3217-07.2007

Summary: Orexin neurons in the basal forebrain, tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and locus ceruleus (LC) are thought to regulate arousal. Rats were injected with two or three of the following targeted conjugates: anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), 0.25 µl bilateral injections of 1 µg/µl into the LC; orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 0.25 µl injection of 0.25 µg/µl into the TMN; 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), 3 µl injection of 2 µg/µl into the lateral ventricle. Small differences were observed in sleep architecture, but the data do not support the traditional hypothesis that these three areas of the brain are essential links in the control of wake levels.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Berdiev RK, Chepurnov SA, Veening JG, Chepurnova NE, van Luijtelaar G (2007) The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and reticular thalamic nucleus in pathogenesis of genetically determined absence epilepsy in rats: A lesion study. Brain Res 1185:266-274. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.010

Summary: Absence seizures due to epilepsy usually occur during passive behavior. This work investigated the role of the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (NB) and the reticular thalamic nucleus (RT) in these seizures. Rats received either 75 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) or the control, mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18), into the NB and the RT. Loss of cholinergic neurons in the NB resulted in an increased number of spike-and-wave discharges, a marker for absence seizures.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Shank EJ, Seitz PK, Bubar MJ, Stutz SJ, Cunningham KA (2007) Selective ablation of GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area increases spontaneous locomotor activity. Behav Neurosci 121:1224-1233. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1224

Summary: To further examine the importance of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in behavioral function, the authors lesioned the VTA of rats with dermorphin-saporin (Cat. #IT-12). Lesioned animals received 1 or 2 pmol/200 nl bilateral injections of conjugate; blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. Rats treated with dermorphin-SAP displayed significantly elevated motility as compared to control animals. Rats receiving 1 pmol of dermorphin-SAP returned to normal motility 14 days after treatment, but rats receiving 2 pmol maintained the increased motility through day 14.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Lee G, Kim H, Elkabetz Y, Al Shamy G, Panagiotakos G, Barberi T, Tabar V, Studer L (2007) Isolation and directed differentiation of neural crest stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 25(12):1468-1475. doi: 10.1038/nbt1365 PMID: 18037878

Usage: Flow Cytometry cell sorting was performed using Anti-NGFr (p75).

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Daniels TR, Ng PP, Delgado T, Lynch MR, Schiller G, Helguera G, Penichet ML (2007) Conjugation of an anti transferrin receptor IgG3-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin results in significant enhancement of its cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:2995-3008. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0330

Summary: The human transferrin receptor (hTfR) is overexpressed in malignant cells. Using Advanced Targeting System’s custom biotinylation service, the authors combined an anti-hTfR antibody-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin (Cat. #PR-01, saporin alone), and examined the effect of the combined complex on cancer cells in vitro. Although the antibody-avidin fusion protein has an intrinsic cytotoxic effect, the fusion protein-saporin complex was able to eliminate the population of cells that showed resistance to the fusion protein alone.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Frederick-Duus D, Guyton MF, Fadel J (2007) Food-elicited increases in cortical acetylcholine release require orexin transmission. Neuroscience 149:499-507. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.061

Summary: In these experiments the authors examine the hypothesis that orexin fibers from the hypothalamus are necessary for basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) activation in a food restriction model. Rats received 200 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area. Lesioned animals that were also deprived of food displayed increased feeding latency when presented with food. These and other data indicate orexin in the BFCS is involved in attention to stimuli associated with homeostatic challenges.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Millan-Aldaco D, Arias-Carrion O, Palomero-Rivero M, Drucker-Colin R, Murillo-Rodriguez E (2007) Transplant of hypocretin neurons into the lateral hypothalamus of a narcolepsy rat model. Neuroscience 2007 Abstracts 779.2/E4. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.

Summary: Narcolepsy, a disabling neurological disorder, is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleeps attacks, sleep fragmentation, and cataplexy. This sleep disorder has been linked to a loss of neurons into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) containing the neuropeptide hypocretin (HCRT). Our group has developed an experimental model in rats that mimics several aberrant behaviours observed in human narcolepsy. The bilateral administration of the neurotoxin hypocretin-2-saporin (HCRT2-SAP) into the LH of rats destroys most of the HCRT neurons (~90%) leading to develop narcolepsy as evaluated using EEG/EMG means. In order to replace the HCRT lost neurons by the local injection of the HCRT2-SAP, a suspension of cells from the hypothalamus obtained from rat pups (3-5 days old) were processed for grafting and stained with GFP. This cell suspension was injected into the LH of lesioned rats and they were sacrificed 21 days post-transplant. The brain was cut and sections containing LH were processed for HCRT immunohistochemistry as well as for the presence of HCRT-immunoflorescence neurons. We were able to differentiate the HCRT transplanted neurons into the LH of lesioned rats. Importantly, they were present at the target area 21 days after implant. These somata were similar in size and appearance to adult rat HCRT-immunoreactive neurons. Our results are very promising since the present study indicates that HCRT neurons obtained from rat pups can be grafted into a host brain and graft survived during 21 days. This experimental approach definitely addresses the possibility to replace HCRT neurons in narcolepsy in order to reverse this disease.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)