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Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum
Gamage R, Rossetti I, Niedermayer G, Münch G, Buskila Y, Gyengesi E. (2023) Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum. J Neuroinflammation 20(1):235. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02897-5 PMID: 37833764
Summary: This publication presents the findings of studies on age-related cholinergic decline. The authors mention a diffusion MRI study that documented a 25% reduction in the BFCN (Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons) population and a significant loss of terminal cholinergic projections in the hippocampus after inducing selective BFCN degeneration in mice using mu p75-SAP.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
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The basal forebrain volume reduction detected by MRI does not necessarily link with the cholinergic neuronal loss in the Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Zhou XA, Ngiam G, Qian L, Sankorrakul K, Coulson EJ, Chuang KH (2022) The basal forebrain volume reduction detected by MRI does not necessarily link with the cholinergic neuronal loss in the Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 117:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.017 PMID: 35640461
Objective: Assess basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neuron number by histological counts and compare with the volume measurements from an in vivo MRI Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model.
Summary: Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the BF contributes to cognitive impairment in AD. A decrease of BF volume measured by structural MRI is thought to represent loss of cholinergic neurons. As there are various types of neurons in the BF, whether this MRI measurement actually reflects the change of cholinergic neurons has not been verified. To test whether specific loss of cholinergic neurons results in BF reduction, the authors ablated cholinergic neurons in the Medial septum.
Usage: Lesions were made via injections of mu-p75-SAP (0.5 mg/ml) or control Rabbit-IgG-SAP (0.5 mg/mL) into ten-week-old female C57Bl/6J mice. However, there was no detectable change in MRI volume between lesioned and unlesioned mice. The results indicate that although loss of cholinergic neurons within the BF likely contribute to volume loss, this change in volume cannot be taken as a direct biomarker of cholinergic neuron number.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor M4 activates quiescent neural precursor cells and ameliorates medial septum cholinergic lesion-induced impairments in adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Madrid LI, Bandhavkar S, Hafey K, Jimenez-Martin J, Milne M, Coulson EJ, Jhaveri DJ (2022) Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor M4 activates quiescent neural precursor cells and ameliorates medial septum cholinergic lesion-induced impairments in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. bioRxiv 2022.08.25.505357. doi: 10.1101/2022.08.25.505357
Objective: To investigate the contribution of basal forebrain medial septum (MS) and diagonal band of Broca (DBB) cholinergic neurons that innervate the hippocampus and the identity of the cholinergic receptor(s) that regulate the production and maturation of new neurons.
Summary: This work reveals stage-specific roles of cholinergic signaling in regulating functionally relevant adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Usage: Medial septum cholinergic lesion was achieved by infusion of mu p75-SAP (0.4 µg/µl). Rabbit IgG-SAP (0.4 µg/µl) was used as control.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
Upregulation of p75NTR by histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitizes human neuroblastoma cells to targeted immunotoxin-induced apoptosis
Dedoni S, Olianas A, Manconi B, Collu M, Tuveri B, Vincis ME, Olianas MC, Onali P (2022) Upregulation of p75NTR by histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitizes human neuroblastoma cells to targeted immunotoxin-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 23(7):3849. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073849 PMID: 35409209
Summary: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been useful chemotherapy agents in the treatment of neuroblastomas, the most frequent solid tumor of childhood. Studies have shown that the expression of the neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, on human neuroblastoma cells are enhanced after exposure to some HDAC inhibitors. The authors used mu p75-SAP along with two HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid and entinostat, to investigate if they could exploit the upregulation of p75NTR and see if these cells were more susceptible as a target for elimination. The administration of mu p75-SAP only induced cell death in tumors of mice that were pretreated with entinostat
Usage: Cells were treated for 24 hr with entinostat and then exposed to 30 nM of mu p75-SAP for 24 hr.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons selectively drive coordinated motor learning in mice
Li Y, Hollis E (2021) Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons selectively drive coordinated motor learning in mice. J Neurosci 41(49):10148-10160. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1152-21.2021 PMID: 34750228
Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids reduce behavioral deficits, gliosis, and amyloid-beta deposition in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Bowers Z, Maiti P, Bourcier A, Morse J, Jenrow K, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL (2021) Tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids reduce behavioral deficits, gliosis, and amyloid-beta deposition in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Sci 11(11):1423. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11111423 PMID: 34827424
Objective: To assess the efficacy of Total Body Rhythm (TBR) for treating behavioral and neuropathological deficits in the 5xFAD model of AD.
Summary: The combination of tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids in TBR can reduce AD-like deficits in 5xFAD mice.
Usage: Previous work demonstrated that TBR can prevent loss of body weight in a mu p75-SAP mouse model of AD.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
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Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome
Salwa, LK (2021) Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome. J Control Release 338:837-857. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.007
Objective: This review provides a detailed update on stem cell therapy (SCT) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Summary: What future holds for SCT in the treatment of AD is summarized
Usage: Liu et al. injected 1.5 μg of mu p75-SAP into the medial septum.
Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex
Jimenez-Martin J, Potapov D, Potapov K, Knöpfel T, Empson RM (2021) Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex. Sci Rep 11(1):17525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96696-8
Objective: To decipher the timing and significance of acetylcholine actions.
Summary: Study provides new insights into how the cortex processes sensory information and how loss of acetylcholine, for example in Alzheimer’s Disease, disrupts sensory behaviours.
Usage: Focal cortical injection of mu p75-SAP or Rabbit IgG-SAP (1.7 mg/ml, 0.3 µl total volume, rate 0.075 µl/minute).
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
The medial septum as a potential target for treating brain disorders associated with oscillopathies
Takeuchi Y, Nagy AJ, Barcsai L, Li Q, Ohsawa M, Mizuseki K, Berényi A (2021) The medial septum as a potential target for treating brain disorders associated with oscillopathies. Front Neural Circuits 15:701080. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.701080
Summary: The medial septum (MS) may be a potential target for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders with abnormal oscillations (oscillopathies) to restore healthy patterns or erase undesired ones. The time-targeted strategy for the MS stimulation may provide an effective way of treating multiple disorders.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP. The MS cholinergic neurons along with theta oscillations are known to be essential for memory because selective lesion of the cholinergic neurons resulted in spatial memory impairments (150 ng; Easton et al., 2011) (5.04 μg icv; Jeong et al., 2014). Orexin-SAP. The enhanced gamma oscillations and altered PPI and auditory gating created by psychoactive drugs in rats were mediated by GABAergic neurons in the MS because they were abolished by ablation of these neurons by Orexin-SAP (140 ng total bilateral; Ma et al., 2012). mu p75-SAP. Anxious environment-induced type 2 theta oscillation and associated anxiety were shown to be dependent on the MS cholinergic neurons because lesion of MS cholinergic neurons reduced them (0.65 or 1.3 µg, bilateral; Nag et al., 2009).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
See Also:
- Easton A et al. Medial septal cholinergic neurons are necessary for context-place memory but not episodic-like memory. Hippocampus 21(9):1021-1027, 2011.
- Jeong D et al. Improvements in memory after medial septum stimulation are associated with changes in hippocampal cholinergic activity and neurogenesis. Biomed Res Int 2014:568587, 2014.
- Ma J et al. Septohippocampal GABAergic neurons mediate the altered behaviors induced by n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Hippocampus 22(12):2208-2218, 2012.
- Nag N et al. Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice. Neurosci Lett 452:247-251, 2009.
Tart cherry (fruit of prunus cerasus) concentrated powder (tccp) ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced muscular atrophy in mice.
Ku SK, Lim JM, Cho HR, Bashir KMI, Kim YS, Choi JS (2021) Tart cherry (fruit of prunus cerasus) concentrated powder (tccp) ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced muscular atrophy in mice. Medicina (Kaunas) 57(5):485. doi: 10.3390/medicina57050485 PMID: 34066110
Summary: Tart cherries have shown memory impairment lowering properties.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
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