The Mac-1-SAP targeted toxins recognize Mac-1-positive (CD11b) cells in mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06) or in rat (Cat. #IT-33). The toxin is excellent for removing contaminating macrophages from primary cultures. Elimination of macrophages in vivo is useful to determine their role(s) in autoimmune diseases and in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Both toxins are extremely potent, with […]
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The Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) family of enzymes contains cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins that are capable of multiple reactions with a multitude of substrates, both endogenous and xenobiotic. GST catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione which is useful in the detoxification of endogenous compounds such as peroxidized lipids, as well as the metabolism of xenobiotics.
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Q: Recently, I attended a talk where the speaker said that a targeted toxin was able to work when an antagonist did not. Can you explain how your technology is different? A: Certainly. It is a very interesting question and one that helps explain the Targeting Technology quite well. An antagonist is used to block
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Q: What is the LD50 of saporin in mice? Do you have references for this? A: Thank you for your question. It is very helpful to have this information to calculate the appropriate dose for systemic administration. According to the work of Thorpe et al., saporin alone has an acute LD50, when delivered intravenously, of
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Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (2012) Control of sleep and wakefulness. Physiol Rev 92(3):1087-1187 . doi: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 Summary: This review summarizes mechanisms in the brain that control sleep and wakefulness. Areas discussed include wakefulness promoting systems, non-REM sleep and REM sleep definitions, the function of each kind of sleep, and
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Coolen LM (2012) Featured Article: A pivotal role of lumbar spinothalamic cells in regulation of ejaculation via intraspinal connections. Targeting Trends 13(3) Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) Read the featured article in Targeting Trends. See Also: Staudt MD et al. A Pivotal Role of Lumbar Spinothalamic Cells in the Regulation of Ejaculation
Contributed by Lique M. Coolen, University of Michigan Introduction from Dr. Lappi: An article by Lique Coolen’s group[5] was the 1000th article in PubMed in response to the search word ‘saporin.’ Dr. Coolen has graciously agreed to describe the latest in her fascinating work. Male sexual behavior consists of many different aspects, with ejaculation being
Xu L, Scheenen WJ, Roubos EW, Kozicz T (2012) Peptidergic Edinger-Westphal neurons and the energy-dependent stress response. Gen Comp Endocrinol 177(3):296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.039 Objective: This study investigates the role of the midbrain Edinger–Westphal centrally projecting neuron population (EWcp; synonym: non-preganglionic Edinger–Westphal nucleus) in the energy-dependent stress adaptation response. Summary: The current data indicates that the
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Sikandar S, Bannister K, Dickenson AH (2012) Brainstem facilitations and descending serotonergic controls contribute to visceral nociception but not pregabalin analgesia in rats. Neurosci Lett 519(1):31-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.009 Summary: Neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are classified as ON, OFF, or NEUTRAL based on firing patterns in response to noxious somatic stimulation. ON cells
Mishra SK, Holzman S, Hoon MA (2012) A nociceptive signaling role for neuromedin B. J Neurosci 32(25):8686-8695. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1533-12.2012 Summary: Previous work suggests that neuromedin B (NMB) is involved in nociception. Direct injection of the peptide causes nociceptive sensitization, while NMB antagonists attenuate sensitization in reponse to nerve stimulation with mustard oil. Specific subsets of
A nociceptive signaling role for neuromedin B. Read More »