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2020 Targeting Trends Review
Noradrenaline signaling in the LPBN mediates amylin’s and salmon calcitonin’s hypophagic effect in male rats.
Boccia L, Le Foll C, Lutz TA (2020) Noradrenaline signaling in the LPBN mediates amylin’s and salmon calcitonin’s hypophagic effect in male rats. FASEB J 34(11):15448-15461. doi: 10.1096/fj.202001456RRR
Objective: To assess the phenotype of amylin activated LPBN (lateral parabrachial nucleus) neurons, especially to confirm the CGRPergic phenotype and to uncover the specific role of NA (noradrenaline) signaling from the AP to the LPBN.
Summary: The present study confirmed the central role of the LPBN in propagating amylin’s and sCT’s hypophagic action, and particularly the importance of AP → LPBN NA signaling in the mediation of this process, through the activation of LPBN (CGRP and non-CGRP) neurons.
Usage: The neuronal pathways used to process the physiological response to amylin were investigated using 50-ng injections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the area postrema (AP) or 25 ng into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (Potes et al., 2010).
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Spinal microglia-neuron interactions in chronic pain.
Ho IHT, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Liu X (2020) Spinal microglia-neuron interactions in chronic pain. J Leukoc Biol 108:1575-1592. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0520-695R
Summary: Spinal microglial activation is initiated shortly and persisted for more than 3 mo after partial sciatic nerve ligation. Intrathecal injection of Mac1-SAP, a saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b antibody to deplete microglia, abolished cold and mechanical allodynia for 2–12 wk after injury,92 supporting the role of activated microglia for chronic pain maintenance.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)
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Respiratory pathology in the Optn-/- mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
McCall AL, Dhindsa JS, Pucci LA, Kahn AF, Fusco AF, Biswas DD, Strickland LM, Tseng HC, ElMallah MK (2020) Respiratory pathology in the Optn-/- mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 282:103525. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103525
Summary: Tongue muscle weakness results in dysarthria and dysphagia leading to recurrent aspiration, choking, and aggravation of respiratory disease.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Local riluzole release from a thermosensitive hydrogel rescues injured motoneurons through nerve root stumps in a brachial plexus injury rat model
Fang J, Li L, Zhai H, Qin B, Quan D, Shi E, Zhu M, Yang J, Liu X, Gu L (2020) Local riluzole release from a thermosensitive hydrogel rescues injured motoneurons through nerve root stumps in a brachial plexus injury rat model. Neurochem Res 45(11):2800-2813. doi: 10.1007/s11064-020-03120-0
Summary: The authors refer to a review by Gulino describing two rodent models of motoneuron degeneration were induced by neurotoxics including volkensin and cholera toxin-B saporin, which are able to destroy motoneurons through retrograde transportation.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Molecular genetics of kappa opioids in pain and itch sensations
Tseng PY, Hoon MA (2020) Molecular genetics of kappa opioids in pain and itch sensations. Handb Exp Pharmacol . doi: 10.1007/164_2020_397
Summary: The authors review the functions of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous agonists dynorphins in modulating itch and pain. Nppb-SAP ablation of neurons expressing the Natriuretic olypeptide B receptor greatly reduced itch responses evoked by histamine or by intrathecal administration of Nppb, suggesting that these neurons transmit itch signals from Nppb primary afferents.
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69)
Adrenergic supersensitivity and impaired neural control of cardiac electrophysiology following regional cardiac sympathetic nerve loss
Tapa S, Wang L, Francis Stuart SD, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Habecker BA, Ripplinger CM (2020) Adrenergic supersensitivity and impaired neural control of cardiac electrophysiology following regional cardiac sympathetic nerve loss. Sci Rep 10:18801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75903-y
Summary: The authors present a novel mouse model of regional cardiac sympathetic hypo-innervation utilizing Anti-DBH-SAP.
Usage: Either 5μL of 40 ng/μL Anti-DBH-SAP or Mouse IgG-SAP (control) was applied three times directly to the exposed apical/anterior surface of the heart.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
Cellular uptake of vitamin B12: Role and fate of TCblR/CD320, the transcobalamin receptor.
Gick GG, Arora K, Sequeira JM, Nakayama Y, Lai SC, Quadros EV (2020) Cellular uptake of vitamin B12: Role and fate of TCblR/CD320, the transcobalamin receptor. Exp Cell Res 396(1):112256. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112256
Summary: The increased and sustained expression of TCblR in proliferating cells has been used to target toxins preferentially to cancer cells and can be potentially used for targeted delivery of other anti-cancer drugs. In 2010 the authors published a paper which evaluated the potential of using immunotoxins to eliminate cancer cells expressing TCblR the authors performed a series of in vitro experiments using their monoclonal antibody plus Mab-ZAP in varying concentrations. The results indicated that this is a viable therapeutic model that causes minimal peripheral damage.
Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)
The EphA2 and cancer connection: potential for immune-based interventions
London M, Gallo E (2020) The EphA2 and cancer connection: potential for immune-based interventions. Mol Biol Rep 47(10):8037-8048. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05767-y
Summary: The authors review the most current mAb-based therapies against EphA2-expressing cancers currently in pre-clinical and/or clinical stages. They reference Sakamoto et al. who performed in vitro testing of two different EphA2 mAbs mixed with Mab-ZAP to discover their therapeutic potential against melanoma.
Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)
Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA3 to CA1 synapses may be induced in vivo by activation of septal cholinergic inputs.
Dobryakova YV, Stepanichev MY, Markevich VA, Bolshakov AP (2020) Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA3 to CA1 synapses may be induced in vivo by activation of septal cholinergic inputs. Int J Neurosci 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1822834
Objective: To clarify the role of septal input in the development of long-term potentiation (LTP) in this synapse.
Summary: Elimination of septal cholinergic neurons by 192-IgG-SAP abolished LTP development in both experimental series. This suppression of LTP in animals with a cholinergic deficit was not due to loss of hippocampal neurons.
Usage: Rats received intraseptal injections of 192-IgG-SAP (1.5 μg).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection.
Li W, Luo S, Wan C (2020) Characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection. Behaviour 157:855-878. doi: 10.1163/1568539X-bja10028
Summary: This study reviews the characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection.
Usage: IL-1β-saporin or unconjugated Saporin as control (icv or ip, 1.75 μg) eliminated IL-1R1-expressing cells in the hippocampus and indicated these neurons mediate the function of peripheral IL-1β induced hypophagia.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)