2019 Targeting Trends Review

Araldi D, Bogen O, Green PG, Levine JD (2019) Role of nociceptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and hyperalgesic priming. J Neurosci 39(33):6414-6424. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0966-19.2019

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that hyperalgesia and priming induced by opioids are mediated by similar nociceptor mechanisms.

Summary: Treatment with isolectin B4 (IB4)-saporin or SSP-saporin (which deplete IB4! and peptidergic nociceptors, respectively), or their combination, prevented systemic LDM-induced hyperalgesia, but not priming. HDM-induced priming, but not analgesia, was markedly attenuated in both saporin-treated groups.

Usage: IB4-SAP was diluted in saline and a dose of 3.2 μg in a volume of 20 μl administered intrathecally. SSP-SAP was diluted in saline and a dose of 100 ng in a volume of 20 μl was administered intrathecally.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Sakata D, Uruno T, Matsubara K, Andoh T, Yamamura K, Magoshi Y, Kunimura K, Kamikaseda Y, Furue M, Fukui Y (2019) Selective role of neurokinin B in IL-31–induced itch response in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 144(4):1130-1133. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.031

Objective: To examine the physiological significance of neurokinin B in IL-31–induced itch sensation.

Summary: IL-31–induced scratching was unaffected by intrathecal injection of Nppb-SAP. In contrast,treatment with Bombesin-SAP reduced IL-31–induced scratching. Neurokinin B acts upstream of GRP to transmit IL-31–induced itch sensation.

Usage: Intrathecal injection

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21), NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63)

Małecki JM, Willemen HLDM, Pinto R, Ho AYY, Moen A, Eijkelkamp N, Falnes PØ (2019) Human FAM173A is a mitochondrial lysine-specific methyltransferase that targets adenine nucleotide translocase and affects mitochondrial respiration. J Biol Chem 294(31):11654-11664. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009045 PMID: 31213526

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: Tri-methyl Lysine Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-265)

Suwannasual U, Lucero J, Davis G, McDonald JD, Lund AK (2019) Mixed vehicle emissions induces angiotensin ii and cerebral microvascular angiotensin receptor expression in C57Bl/6 mice and promotes alterations in integrity in a blood-brain barrier coculture model. Toxicol Sci 170(2):525-535. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz121 PMID: 31132127

Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that inhalation exposure to a mixture of gasoline and diesel vehicle engine emissions (MVE) results in altered central nervous system microvascular integrity mediated by Ang II-AT1 signaling.

Summary: Inhalation exposure to traffic-generated pollutants results in altered BBB integrity, mediated through Ang II-AT1 signaling and inflammation, which is exacerbated by a high-fat diet.

Usage: Antibody was used in immunofluorescent staining of cerebral tissue. Brain sections (10 mm) were prepared for AT1 receptor (1:1000).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Masmudi‐Martin M, Navarro‐Lobato I, López‐Aranda MF, Delgado G, Martín‐Montañez E, Quiros‐Ortega ME, Carretero‐Rey M, Narváez L, Garcia‐Garrido MF, Posadas S, López‐Téllez JF, Blanco E, Jiménez‐Recuerda I, Granados‐Durán P, Paez‐Rueda J, López JC and Khan ZU (2019) RGS14414 treatment induces memory enhancement and rescues episodic memory deficits. FASEB J 33:11804-11820. doi: 10.1096/fj.201900429RR

Objective: To investigate the effect of the promotion of neuronal arborization through the expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414).

Summary: In addition to showing the potential of RGS14414 for rescuing memory deficits, our results suggest that a boost in circuit activity could facilitate memory enhancement and the reversal of memory deficits.

Usage: 0.9 mg in 1 ml was injected into the PRh.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. IT-02)

Fu R, Han C-F, Ni T, Di L, Liu L-J, Lv W-C, Bi Y-R, Jiang N, He Y, Li H-M, Wang S, Xie H, Chen B-A, Wang X-S, Weiss SJ, Lu T, Guo Q-L, Wu Z-Q (2019) A ZEB1/p53 signaling axis in stromal fibroblasts promotes mammary epithelial tumours. Nat Commun 10(1):3210. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11278-7 PMID: 31324807

Usage: immunohistochemistry (1:100)

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)

Acton D, Ren X, DiCostanzo S, Dalet A, Bourane S, Bertocchi I, Eva C, Goulding M (2019) Spinal neuropeptide Y1 receptor-expressing neurons form an essential excitatory pathway for mechanical itch. Cell Reports 28(3):625-639.e6 . doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.033

Objective: To determine the central pathway for mechanical itch.

Summary: NPY-Y1 signaling regulates the transmission of innocuous tactile information by establishing biologically relevant thresholds for touch discrimination and mechanical itch reflexes. Neither the evoked nor spontaneous scratching seen following activation of Y1Cre neurons was affected by ablation of the GRPR+ neurons. NK1R+ neuron ablation failed to modulate mechanically evoked itch.

Usage: P28 mice were given a single intrathecal (i.t.) injection of either Bombesin-SAP (400 ng in 5 mL 0.9% sterile saline) to ablate GRPR+ cells or SSP-SAP to ablate NK1r+ neurons (100 ng in 5 mL 0.9% sterile saline). Littermate controls received Blank-SAP (equal mass in 5 mL 0.9% sterile saline).

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Ikeda K, Onimaru H, Inada H, Tien Lin S, Arata S, Osumi N (2019) Structural and functional defects of the respiratory neural system in the medulla and spinal cord of Pax6 mutant rats. Brain Res Bull 152:107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.007 PMID: 31301380

Objective: To determine whether the respiratory center in the medulla functions normally in Pax6 mutant rats.

Summary: The Pax6 gene is involved in the functional development of the medullary respiratory center.

Usage: Anti-NK1r was used in immunofluorescence (1:800).

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Chew C, Sengelaub DR (2019) Neuroprotective effects of exercise on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 33(8):656-667. doi: 10.1177/1545968319860485

Objective: To explore whether exercise shows the same neuroprotective effect on induced dendritic atrophy as that seen with androgen treatment.

Summary: Exercise following neural injury exerts a protective effect on motoneuron dendrites comparable to that seen with exogenous androgen treatment.

Usage: Motoneurons innervating the left vastus medialis muscle were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of CTB-SAP (2 μL, 0.1%). Saporin injection reduced the weight of the vastus medialis muscle; exercise had no effect on muscle weight.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Chen P, Huang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Chu H, Rong M (2019) MALAT1 overexpression promotes the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by upregulating fibroblast growth factor 2. Exp Ther Med 18(3):1627-1632. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7748 PMID: 31410118

Usage: western (1:1300)

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)