2010 Targeting Trends Review

Emanuel AJ, Ritter S (2010) Hindbrain catecholamine neurons modulate the growth hormone but not the feeding response to ghrelin. Endocrinology 151(7):3237-3246. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0219

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the role of hindbrain catecholamine neurons in the response to a gastrointestinal peptide, ghrelin. Rats received 42 ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals had a prolonged growth hormone (GH) response to ghrelin administration as compared to controls, but the feeding response was unchanged. The results indicate that ghrelin or GH may be involved with a negative feedback response controlling GH levels.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Zikri NN, Schumer E, Wang JJ, Gaughan A, Hadley GA, Moffatt-Bruce SD (2010) Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells with CD103 depletion. J Surg Res 163(1):162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.021

Summary: CD8+ T cells expressing CD103 have been shown to play a key role in the rejection of renal allografts. Use of M290-SAP (a custom saporin conjugation) allows allograft tolerance even in a completely mismatched islet cell transplant model. Use of 1 mg M290-SAP/kg body weight in mice allowed the authors to characterize the kinetics of M290-SAP and its induction of CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Coradazzi M, Gulino R, Garozzo S, Leanza G (2010) Selective lesion of the developing central noradrenergic system: Short- and long-term effects and reinnervation by noradrenergic-rich tissue grafts. J Neurochem 114(3):761-771. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06800.x

Summary: The authors removed noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex of neonatal rats with 0.25-1.0 µg bilateral injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). No damage was seen in dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, or cholinergic neurons after this treatment. Rats receiving fetal locus coeruleus tissue implants showed significant post-lesion recovery suggesting that this model can be used to investigate compensatory reinnervation and functional recovery in the central nervous system.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Gonzalez-Menendez I, Contreras F, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Provencio I, Garcia-Fernandez JM (2010) Postnatal development and functional adaptations of the melanopsin photoreceptive system in the albino mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(9):4840-4847. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5253 PMID: 20435589

Summary: Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) adjust the circadian pacemaker of mammals by detecting light. The authors tracked the development of ipRGCs in postnatal mice under varying light conditions. Immunohistochemistry for these experiments was done using an anti-mouse melanopsin polyclonal antibody (Cat. #AB-N38). Alteration of the standard light/dark cycle clearly affected the development of ipRGCs.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Vincent BG, Young EF, Buntzman AS, Stevens R, Kepler TB, Tisch RM, Frelinger JA, Hess PR (2010) Toxin-coupled MHC class I tetramers can specifically ablate autoreactive CD8+ T cells and delay diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 184(8):4196-4204. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903931

Summary: MHC class I tetramers have been used to identify antigen-specific cells. In this work the authors used a biotinylated tetramer in conjunction with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) to eliminate a specific subset of reactive T cells associated with islets in vivo. NOD mice received three 4.36 µg intravenous injections of the tetramer/saporin complex over 12 days. The onset of type I diabetes in the treated mice was significantly delayed.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Marques-Lopes J, Pinho D, Albino-Teixeira A, Tavares I (2010) The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 1325:41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.043

Summary: Injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) has been shown to induce angiotensin type 1 receptor-mediated hyperalgesia. Here the authors lesioned the pontine A5 cell group with anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to evaluate the role of these neurons in this model. Rats received a 1.1 µg injection of anti-DBH-SAP into the CVLM. Behavioral responses indicate that loss of noradrenergic neurons in the CVLM partially prevented angiotensin II-induced hyperalgesia.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Vianna DM, Carrive P (2010) Cardiovascular and behavioural responses to conditioned fear and restraint are not affected by retrograde lesions of A5 and C1 bulbospinal neurons. Neuroscience 166:1210-1218. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.039

Summary: To investigate the role of A5 neurons in some forms of psychological stress the authors injected 22 or 44 ng of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the spinal cord of rats. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The data shows that A5 presympathetic neurons are not essential for the expression of the tachycardic and pressor responses to conditioned fear and restraint.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Dailey MJ, Bartness TJ (2010) Arcuate nucleus destruction does not block food deprivation-induced increases in food foraging and hoarding. Brain Res 1323:94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.078

Summary: While some aspects of food intake are understood, mechanisms controlling hoarding of food have not been identified. This work investigates the role of NPY in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) in hoarding. Siberian hamsters received 48 ng injections of NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the Arc; blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. In lesioned animals food deprivation-induced hoarding was increased 100%, but baseline foraging and food hoarding was unchanged.

Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Gulino R, Perciavalle V, Gulisano M (2010) Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin. Eur J Neurosci 31(8):1423-1434. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07170.x

Summary: Sonic hedgehog, Notch-1, and Numb are proteins known to be involved in the function of stem cells. Understanding of how they might work in adults may provide methods to improve recovery from spinal cord injury. In this work the authors injected 3 µg of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Analysis of protein levels following motoneuron depletion gives some insight into the molecular framework of nerve injury.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

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Akiyoshi H, Chung JS, Tomihari M, Cruz PD, Jr., Ariizumi K (2010) Depleting syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes using toxin-bearing dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand: A new opportunity for treating activated T cell-driven disease. J Immunol 184:3554-3561. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903250

Summary: The dendritic cell-associated heparin sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand (DC-HIL) exclusively associates with syndecan-4 (SD-4), which is expressed on some activated T cells. The authors biotinylated DC-HIL and combined it with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). This complex was then applied to resting or activated T cells in culture at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Only activated T cells were bound and eliminated.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.