2010 Targeting Trends Review

Ocampo-Garces A, Ibanez F, Perdomo G, Torrealba F (2011) Orexin-B-saporin lesions in the lateral hypothalamus enhance photic masking of rapid eye movement sleep in the albino rat. J Sleep Res 20:3-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00864.x

Summary: Photic masking occurs when photic input to the retina interferes with REM sleep. Rats that received 200 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the lateral hypothalamus experienced dramatically less REM sleep during normal light cycles. Placing them in a skeleton photoperiod (brief pulses of light, one in the morning and one in the evening), however, caused REM sleep during the rest phase to return to normal. This data suggests that photic masking may explain some effects of narcolepsy and cataplexy.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Joseph EK, Levine JD (2010) Mu and delta opioid receptors on nociceptors attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia in rat. Neuroscience 171(1):344-350. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.035

Summary: In this work the authors analyzed nociceptor populations mediating mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat. Rats received 3.2 µg of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) into the subarachnoid space between the L4 and L5 vertebrae. Hyperalgesia due to the administration of NGF was inhibited by DAMGO and SNC even in lesioned animals. These data indicate that most nociceptor populations are involved in mechanical hyperalgesia, and that the mu opioid and delta opioid receptors are co-expressed on some TrkA-positive nociceptors.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Wang Y, Mu X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wu A, Yue Y (2011) NK-1-receptor-mediated lesion of spinal post-synaptic dorsal column neurons might improve intractable visceral pain of cancer origin. Med Hypotheses 76(1):102-104. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.042

Summary: There is evidence that spinal post-synaptic dorsal column neurons begin to express neurokinin-1 receptors after visceral stimulation. The authors discuss using this expression profile to target SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) to these neurons and eliminate them. This use of ‘molecular neurosurgery’ may be a replacement for traditional neurosurgery for the treatment of cancer-related visceral pain.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Kuroda K, Liu H, Kim S, Guo M, Navarro V, Bander NH (2010) Saporin toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibody targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen has potent anticancer activity. Prostate 70(12):1286-1294. doi: 10.1002/pros.21164

Summary: Current treatments for prostate cancer are only moderately effective. In this work the authors examined the cytotoxic efficacy of an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PMSA) antibody conjugated to saporin on PMSA-positive cell lines. hJ591, a humanized anti-PMSA antibody, was biotinylated and combined with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). The hJ591-streptavidin-ZAP complex was specifically cytotoxic to PMSA-positive cell lines, and had anti-cancer activity in a xenograft model. This work demonstrates the anti-cancer potential of targeting PMSA.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Baskin DG, Kim F, Gelling RW, Russell BJ, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ, Simhan HN, Moralejo DH, Blevins JE (2010) A new oxytocin-saporin cytotoxin for lesioning oxytocin-receptive neurons in the rat hindbrain. Endocrinology 151(9):4207-4213. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0295

Summary: There is evidence to suggest that release of oxytocin in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the hindbrain can inhibit food intake by augmenting the cholecystokinin satiety response. In order to add support to this hypothesis the authors used oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46) to eliminate oxytocin receptive cells in the NTS. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. 0.5 µl-injections of oxytocin-SAP into the NTS caused reduced satiation effect of CCK-8 and blocked the stimulation of food intake by an oxytocin receptor antagonist.

Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Joseph EK, Levine JD (2010) Hyperalgesic priming is restricted to isolectin B4-positive nociceptors. Neuroscience 169(1):431-435. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.082

Summary: Hyperalgesic priming is an injury that induces a chronic pain state marked by the presence of inflammatory cytokines. The authors evaluated which populations of nociceptors are involved in the priming process. Rats that received 3.2 µg intrathecal injections of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) failed to establish priming. Acute mechanical hyperalgesia could still be induced, indicating that IB4+ nociceptors are necessary for priming, but a different nociceptor group is involved with nociceptor sensitization.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Northrop LE, Polston EK, Erskine MS (2010) Noradrenergic nuclei that receive sensory input during mating and project to the ventromedial hypothalamus play a role in mating-induced pseudopregnancy in the female rat. J Neuroendocrinol 22(10):1061-1071. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02049.x

Summary: Maintenance of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy in rats is maintained by bicircadian prolactin surges induced by vaginal-cervical stimulation. In order to test the hypothesis that medullary noradrenergic cell groups are involved in this process the authors infused rats with either 2 ng or 60 ng anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the ventrolateral division of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHv1) and the posterodorsal medial amygdala. Mouse IgG-Sap (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The data confirm that noradrenergic neurons are involved in the maintenance of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Ariyama H, Kono N, Matsuda S, Inoue T, Arai H (2010) Decrease in membrane phospholipid unsaturation induces unfolded protein response. J Biol Chem 285(29):22027-22035. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126870 PMID: 20489212

Summary: Properties of the cell membrane can be influenced by the degree of fatty acid unsaturation in membrane phospholipids. Alteration of this unsaturation has been implicated in many disease states. Using an anti-SCD1 antibody (Cat. #AB-259) to visualize SCD-1 levels by western blot, the authors determined that there are several genetic factors that affect the level of saturated fatty acid in systems modulating insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Related Products: SCD-1 Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-259)

Lecourtier L, de Vasconcelos AP, Leroux E, Cosquer B, Geiger K, Lithfous S, Cassel JC (2011) Septohippocampal pathways contribute to system consolidation of a spatial memory: Sequential implication of gabaergic and cholinergic neurons. Hippocampus 21(12):1277-1289. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20837

Summary: Few studies have examined the role of GABAergic septohippocampal projections in memory consolidation. The authors administered 192-IgG-SAP (400 ng; Cat. #IT-01) and/or orexin-SAP (70 ng; Cat. #IT-20) to the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca of rats. Spatial memory tests were then administered over several weeks. The data indicate that both GABAergic and cholinergic septohippocampal systems contribute to memory stabilization, possibly in a sequential manner.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Carvalho AF, Reyes AR, Sterling RC, Unterwald E, Van Bockstaele EJ (2010) Contribution of limbic norepinephrine to cannabinoid-induced aversion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 211(4):479-491. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1923-7

Summary: The authors used bilateral injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the nucleus accumbens and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to investigate the role of neuroepinephrine in cannabinoid-induced aversion and anxiety. Lesioned animals received bilateral 52.5 ng-injections of anti-DBH-SAP into the nucleus accumbens or 63 ng into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals displayed reversed aversive behavior, but no change in anxiety-like behavior.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)