tt2008

Tait DS, Brown VJ (2008) Lesions of the basal forebrain impair reversal learning but not shifting of attentional set in rats. Behav Brain Res 187:100-108. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.08.035

Summary: The authors compared specific lesions of the basal forebrain using 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) with non-specific lesions generated by ibotenic acid. Rats were given 0.12 µg per 0.5 µl bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP. The treated animals were then tested in food reward tasks involving two-choice discriminations and reversal of stimulus-reward. Animals with specific lesions did not show impairment with any of the tasks suggesting that non-cholinergic neurons are involved in reversal learning. This work also demonstrates the similarities between monkey and rodent basal forebrain function.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Aztiria E, Cataudella T, Spampinato S, Leanza G (2009) Septal grafts restore cognitive abilities and amyloid precursor protein metabolism. Neurobiol Aging 30(10):1614-1625. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.018

Summary: Although cholinergic loss and the presence of ß-amyloid plaques are well documented in Alzheimer’s disease, it is unknown whether restoration of regulatory cholinergic inputs affects in vivo b-amyloid precursor protein (APP). 5 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was split between the lateral ventricles of rats. 6 months post-surgery the animals were implanted with cholinergic-rich septal tissue grafts. Grafted animals exhibited normal or near-normal levels of APP. APP levels, as well as improved spatial navigation performance, correlated strongly with graft-induced cholinergic changes.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rostron CL, Farquhar MJ, Latimer MP, Winn P (2008) The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: do both have a role in sustained attention?. BMC Neurosci 9:16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-16

Summary: This study provided further investigation into the role of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) in control of sustained attention. Rats were given 0.13 µg injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. The immunotoxin-treated animals were compared to animals receiving ibotenate injections into the PPTg. Results suggest that ibotenate lesions cause impaired selection of conditioned response as shown by an increase in unconditioned behaviors. 192-IgG-SAP treated animals exhibited difficulty obtaining successful lever presses linked to attention.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Kline IV RH, Wiley RG (2008) Spinal mu-opioid receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: role in nociception and morphine antinociception. J Neurosci 28:904-913. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4452-07.2008

Summary: The authors used Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) to investigate the function of spinal cord mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing dorsal horn neurons in nociception and morphine analgesia. Rats were treated with 500 ng intrathecal injections of Dermorphin-SAP; 500 ng of Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21), and up to 1 µg of Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) were used as controls. The data indicate that MOR-expressing dorsal horn neurons are necessary for morphine action and play a role in nocifensive responses to persistent pain in the formalin test.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Kaur S, Junek A, Black MA, Semba K (2008) Effects of ibotenate and 192IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata on spontaneous sleep and wake states and on recovery sleep after sleep deprivation in rats. J Neurosci 28:491-504. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1585-07.2008

Objective: To examine the role of this area of the brain in several facets of sleep behavior.

Summary: The results suggest that cholinergic neurons and non-cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain play different, but important roles in non-rapid eye movement sleep and EEG delta power after sleep loss. Non-cholinergic basal forebrain neurons inhibit delta waves, whereas cholinergic neurons promote wakefulness.

Usage: The caudal basal forebrain of rats was lesioned with 0.26-µg bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Blanco-Centurion C, Gerashchenko D, Shiromani PJ (2007) Effects of saporin-induced lesions of three arousal populations on daily levels of sleep and wake. J Neurosci 27:14041-14048. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3217-07.2007

Summary: Orexin neurons in the basal forebrain, tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and locus ceruleus (LC) are thought to regulate arousal. Rats were injected with two or three of the following targeted conjugates: anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), 0.25 µl bilateral injections of 1 µg/µl into the LC; orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 0.25 µl injection of 0.25 µg/µl into the TMN; 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), 3 µl injection of 2 µg/µl into the lateral ventricle. Small differences were observed in sleep architecture, but the data do not support the traditional hypothesis that these three areas of the brain are essential links in the control of wake levels.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Berdiev RK, Chepurnov SA, Veening JG, Chepurnova NE, van Luijtelaar G (2007) The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and reticular thalamic nucleus in pathogenesis of genetically determined absence epilepsy in rats: A lesion study. Brain Res 1185:266-274. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.010

Summary: Absence seizures due to epilepsy usually occur during passive behavior. This work investigated the role of the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (NB) and the reticular thalamic nucleus (RT) in these seizures. Rats received either 75 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) or the control, mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18), into the NB and the RT. Loss of cholinergic neurons in the NB resulted in an increased number of spike-and-wave discharges, a marker for absence seizures.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Shank EJ, Seitz PK, Bubar MJ, Stutz SJ, Cunningham KA (2007) Selective ablation of GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area increases spontaneous locomotor activity. Behav Neurosci 121:1224-1233. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1224

Summary: To further examine the importance of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in behavioral function, the authors lesioned the VTA of rats with dermorphin-saporin (Cat. #IT-12). Lesioned animals received 1 or 2 pmol/200 nl bilateral injections of conjugate; blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. Rats treated with dermorphin-SAP displayed significantly elevated motility as compared to control animals. Rats receiving 1 pmol of dermorphin-SAP returned to normal motility 14 days after treatment, but rats receiving 2 pmol maintained the increased motility through day 14.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Daniels TR, Ng PP, Delgado T, Lynch MR, Schiller G, Helguera G, Penichet ML (2007) Conjugation of an anti transferrin receptor IgG3-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin results in significant enhancement of its cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:2995-3008. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0330

Summary: The human transferrin receptor (hTfR) is overexpressed in malignant cells. Using Advanced Targeting System’s custom biotinylation service, the authors combined an anti-hTfR antibody-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin (Cat. #PR-01, saporin alone), and examined the effect of the combined complex on cancer cells in vitro. Although the antibody-avidin fusion protein has an intrinsic cytotoxic effect, the fusion protein-saporin complex was able to eliminate the population of cells that showed resistance to the fusion protein alone.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Frederick-Duus D, Guyton MF, Fadel J (2007) Food-elicited increases in cortical acetylcholine release require orexin transmission. Neuroscience 149:499-507. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.061

Summary: In these experiments the authors examine the hypothesis that orexin fibers from the hypothalamus are necessary for basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) activation in a food restriction model. Rats received 200 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area. Lesioned animals that were also deprived of food displayed increased feeding latency when presented with food. These and other data indicate orexin in the BFCS is involved in attention to stimuli associated with homeostatic challenges.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)