tt2003

Hartonian I, Mufson EJ, de Lacalle S (2002) Long-term plastic changes in galanin innervation in the rat basal forebrain. Neuroscience 115(3):787-795. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00453-0

Summary: One hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease is the hyperinnervation of surviving cholinergic basal forebrain neurons with galanin-IR fibers. This may exacerbate the cholinergic deficit. The authors injected 192-Saporin (140 nl of 0.075 mg/ml, Cat. #IT-01) into the diagonal band of Broca of rats. An increase in galanin immunoreactivity was observed as early as 1 hour post-injection, and persisted as long as 6 months.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Helm KA, Han JS, Gallagher M (2002) Effects of cholinergic lesions produced by infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of the rat. Neuroscience 115(3):765-774. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00487-6

Summary: The authors investigated the loss of cholinergic support from the basal forebrain, a hallmark of aging, on glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in various target sites. 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into either the nucleus basalis magnocellularis/substantia innominata (0.2 µl of 0.25 mg/ml) or the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band (0.3 µl of 0.25 mg/ml). Treated rats sustained a significant decrease in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Riley J, Lin LH, Chianca DA, Talman WT (2002) Ablation of NK1 receptors in rat nucleus tractus solitarii blocks baroreflexes. Hypertension 40(6):823-826. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000042089.34004.cf

Summary: Stimulation of arterial baroreflexes releases the neuropeptide substance P (SP) from vagal afferent nerves within the nucleus tractus solitarii. To ascertain whether the neurons taking up this SP are critical to baroreflex transmission, the authors injected 18 ng SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats. In animals that received bilateral injections, baroreflex gain was significantly reduced, indicating that neurons expressing SP receptors play a critical role in mediation of this process.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Ricceri L, Hohmann C, Berger-Sweeney J (2002) Early neonatal 192 IgG saporin induces learning impairments and disrupts cortical morphogenesis in rats. Brain Res 954(2):160-172. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03172-4

Summary: Previous data have shown that cholinergic lesions on postnatal day (pnd) 7 in rats produce learning impairments on pnd 15. Using 0.2 µg injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the lateral ventricles, the authors investigated the effect of lesioning animals at pnd 1 and 3. The treated animals demonstrated sex-specific deficits in some cognitive behaviors, as well as changes in neurochemistry and cortical organization.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Mantyh PW (2002) Neurobiology of substance P and the NK1 receptor. J Clin Psychiatry 63(Suppl 11):6-10.

Summary: The NK-1 receptor system is somewhat unusual in that it is expressed on only 5-7% of neurons in the central nervous system. Dr. Patrick Mantyh reviews how tools such as SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) have been used to begin defining the roles of substance P and the NK-1 receptor in affective behavior.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Gibbs RB (2002) Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are necessary for estrogen to enhance acquisition of a delayed matching-to-position T-maze task. Horm Behav 42(3):245-257. doi: 10.1006/hbeh.2002.1825

Summary: The author investigated the role of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain in cognitive function using a long-term hormone replacement model in rats. Septal infusions of either 1.0 µg or 0.22 µg 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) prevented the therapeutic effects of hormone replacement on cognitive function.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Salo PT, Hogervorst T, Seerattan RA, Rucker D, Bray RC (2002) Selective joint denervation promotes knee osteoarthritis in the aging rat. J Orthop Res 20(6):1256-1264. doi: 10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00045-1

Summary: Noting that mice lose joint afferents with aging, and that this loss precedes osteoarthritis development, the authors investigated the effects of denervating the knee joints of young rats. Injection of 10 µl OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) into the knee joint space produced severe degenerative cartilage changes as well as a significant reduction in the number of joint afferents. These changes indicate that joint denervation predisposes a joint to osteoarthritic changes more severe than those found with aging alone.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Tokuno H, Chiken S, Kametani K, Moriizumi T (2002) Efferent projections from the striatal patch compartment: anterograde degeneration after selective ablation of neurons expressing mu-opioid receptor in rats. Neurosci Lett 332(1):5-8. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00837-6

Summary: Taking advantage of the fact that neurons in patch compartments of the striatum express µ-opioid receptors, the authors injected 8.5 ng of dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) into the striatum of rats. This lesion produced a degeneration of patch neurons as well as anterograde degeneration of efferent fibers from patch compartments, allowing further elucidation of the functional organization of the striatum.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Bechade C, Mallecourt C, Sedel F, Vyas S, Triller A (2002) Motoneuron-derived neurotrophin-3 is a survival factor for PAX2-expressing spinal interneurons. J Neurosci 22(20):8779-8784. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-20-08779.2002

Summary: In the rat, half of motoneurons die between embryonic day 15 and postnatal day 1. Programmed cell death of interneurons is not as well characterized. The authors cultured explants of brachial neural tubes from rat embryos in the presence of 200 ng/ml of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). Although 192-Saporin had no direct effect on interneurons in culture, elimination of p75-neurotrophin receptor-expressing neurons caused the interneurons to die.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Khasabov SG, Rogers SD, Ghilardi JR, Peters CM, Mantyh PW, Simone DA (2002) Spinal neurons that possess the substance P receptor are required for the development of central sensitization. J Neurosci 22(20):9086-9098. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-20-09086.2002

Summary: Using 5 x 10-5 M intrathecal injections of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) the authors examined the role of SPR-expressing neurons in modulation of pain and hyperalgesia. Treated animals exhibited highly attenuated sensitization to stimuli after capsaicin treatment as compared to controls, but normal responses in the absence of capsaicin

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)