targeted-toxins

Cho JS, Lee J, Jeong DU, Kim HW, Chang WS, Moon J, Chang JW (2018) Effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a dementia rat model via microglial mediation: A comparison between stem cell transplant methods. Yonsei Med J 59:406-415. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.3.406

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) in a dementia rat model using either intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intravenous (IV) injections and analyze their mechanisms of therapeutic action.

Summary: ICV and IV injections of pMSCs facilitate the recovery of cholinergic neuronal populations and cognitive behavior. This recovery likely occurs through paracrine effects that resemble microglia function rather than direct differentiation of injected pMSCs into cholinergic neurons.

Usage: Dementia modeling was established by bilateral ventricle infusion of 192 IgG-SAP to lesion cholinergic neurons. 8 μL of 192 IgG-saporin (0.63 μg/μL) were bilaterally injected into the lateral ventricle at a rate of 1 μL/min and was left to diffuse for 5 min after injection. Rats were subjected to the Morris water maze and subsequent immunostaining analyses.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Vetter I (2018) Toxins in Neurobiology: New tools from old molecules. Neurosci Lett 679:1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.008

Summary: The selective ablation of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons by SP-SAP revealed a key role for the preBötzinger complex in the generation of respiratory rhythm. Toxin-mediated neuronal ablation may also find therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of severe refractory pain in terminally ill patients by intrathecal SP-SAP which causes selective loss of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Sanvanson P, Li Z, Ward BD, Shaker R (2018) Mo1545 – Vagal nerve modulates the effects of esophageal acid on the periaqueductal gray functional connectivity in a rat model. Gastroenterology 154:S-747-S-748. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(18)32596-4

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Winston J (2018) Mo1546 – Neonatal colon inflammation-induced increases in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide expression in the parabrachial nucleus contributes to reduced meal consumption, to increased meal-induced aversive and anxiety-like behaviors in adult rats. Gastroenterology 154:S-748. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(18)32597-6

Summary: Infusion of Anti-DBH-SAP into the dorsal vagal complex significantly increased meal volumes and increased open field activity compared to IgG-saporin treatment.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Pintus R, Riggi M, Cannarozzo C, Valeri A, de Leo G, Romano M, Gulino R, Leanza G (2018) Essential role of hippocampal noradrenaline in the regulation of spatial working memory and TDP‐43 tissue pathology. J Comp Neurol 526:1131-1147. doi: 10.1002/cne.24397

Objective: To determine the noradrenergic contribution to cognitive and histopathological changes in Alzheimer’s Disease.

Summary: Integrity of ascending noradrenergic inputs to the hippocampus may be required for the regulation of specific aspects of learning and memory and to prevent TDP-43 tissue pathology.

Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP was used at a dose of 0.50 µg dissolved in sterile PBS.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Meng J, Ni J, Wu Z, Jiang M, Zhu A, Qing H, Nakanishi H (2018) The critical role of IL-10 in the antineuroinflammatory and antioxidative effects of Rheum tanguticum on activated microglia. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018:12. doi: 10.1155/2018/1083596

Objective: To investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of a traditional Tibetan medicine (Rheum tanguticum; RT) on activated microglia.

Summary: RT may be useful for the pharmacological intervention against excessive inflammatory and oxidative responses associated with AD by inducing the production of IL-10 by microglia.

Usage: Mac-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-06, 1.3nM) was applied to hippocampal slice cultures 24 h prior to stimulation with chromogranin A or pancreastatin.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Ljubojevic V, Luu P, Gill PR, Beckett L-A, Takehara-Nishiuchi K, De Rosa E (2018) Cholinergic modulation of frontoparietal cortical network dynamics supporting supramodal attention. J Neurosci 38:3988-4005. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2350-17.2018

Objective: To examine whether neurochemical acetylcholine (ACh) contributes to a state of readiness for target detection, by engaging frontoparietal cortical attentional networks independent of modality.

Summary: ACh supported alerting attention to an impending presentation of either visual or olfactory targets. Enhanced stimulus detection was associated with an anticipatory increase in power in the beta oscillation range prior to the target’s appearance within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as well as increased synchrony. In beta, this was also detected between the prefrontal cortex and PPC. ACh may act, in a supramodal manner, to prepare frontoparietal cortical attentional networks for target detection.

Usage: The ACh-NBM-lesioned rats received an injection of 0.2 μl of 0.3 μg/μl 192 IgG-SAP

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Zhang Q, De Corte B, Jung D, Kim Y, Geerling J, Narayanan N (2018) Cholinergic modulation targeting medial prefrontal cortex leads to behavior deficit in interval timing task. Neurology 90 (15 Supplement):P5.195.

Objective: To determine the effect of cholinergic lesion targeting medial prefrontal cortex on interval timing behavior.

Summary: Mice receiving medial prefrontal mu-p75-saporin injection performed poorly compared to control mice in interval timing task. Cholinergic lesion targeting medial prefrontal cortex caused interval timing behavior deficit in wild type mice.

Usage: mu-p75-SAP, a toxin targeting cholinergic neurons, into the bilateral medial prefrontal cortical regions of wild type mice pre-trained in interval timing task. Control mice (also pre-trained in interval timing task, n=8) received stereotactic injection of Rabbit IgG-SAP.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)

Chen SX, Wang SK, Yao PW, Liao GJ, Na XD, Li YY, Zeng WA, Liu XG, Zang Y (2018) Early CALP2 expression and microglial activation are potential inducers of spinal IL-6 upregulation and bilateral pain following motor nerve injury. J Neurochem 145:154-169. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14317

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Watanabe S, Sakurai T, Nakamura S, Miyoshi K, Sato M (2018) The combinational use of CRISPR/Cas9 and targeted toxin technology enables efficient isolation of bi-allelic knockout non-human mammalian clones. Int J Mol Sci 19:E1075. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041075

Objective: Most genome editing systems employ transient treatment with selective drugs such as puromycin to obtain the desired genome-edited cells, which often allows some untransfected cells to survive and decreases the efficiency of generating genome-edited cells. The authors developed a novel targeted toxin-based drug-free selection system for the enrichment of genome-edited cells.

Summary: Results indicate that a combination of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and targeted toxin technology using IB4-SAP allows efficient enrichment of genome-edited clones, particularly bi-allelic KO clones.

Usage: Cells were trypsinized 3 days after transfection and approximately 80% were incubated for 30 min at 37°C in a solution (25 mcL) containing 0.5–1.0 mcg IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10).

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)