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Lacrimal gland denervation alters tear protein composition and impairs ipsilateral eye closures and corneal nociception
Hegarty DM, David LL, Aicher SA (2018) Lacrimal gland denervation alters tear protein composition and impairs ipsilateral eye closures and corneal nociception. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:5217-5224. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25267
Objective: To evaluate spontaneous and evoked ocular sensory responses in rats after denervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as protein changes in tears that may mediate functional changes.
Summary: Denervation of the lacrimal gland causes long-lasting hypoalgesia, impairs the blink response, and alters tear proteins.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP (5 μL, 0.5 μg/μL) was microinjected into the left extraorbital lacrimal gland. In a separate group, 192-IgG-SAP was applied directly and unilaterally to the corneal surface.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Cross-talk between distinct receptors shapes itch behavior in the spinal cord.
Meng QT, Liu XY, Liu XT, Barry DM, Jin H, Yang Q, Sun Y, Wan L, Jin JH, Munanairi A, Kim R, Yin J, Tao A, Chen ZF (2018) Cross-talk between distinct receptors shapes itch behavior in the spinal cord. Neuron doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3249822
Summary: Consistently, Nppb-SAP ablated spinal Npr1 and Npr3 neurons and impaired histamine-, but not CQ-evoked, itch. Thus, the findings identify the role of BNP-NPRC signaling in modulation of histamine-evoked itch via NPRC-NMBR cross-talk independent of GRP-GRPR signaling. Our studies reveal distinct modes of action for bombesin-related peptides and NP in itch transmission.
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69)
Neuropharmacology of attention
Burk JA, Blumenthal SA, Maness EB (2018) Neuropharmacology of attention. Eur J Pharmacol 835:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.008
Objective: This review focuses on the knowledge gained about neurotransmitter systems with respect to attentional processing, with emphasis on the functions mediated within the medial prefrontal cortex.
Summary: Future research needs to facilitate a better comprehension of the neural circuitry engaged by different subcategories of attention. Such information will be useful in allowing for more targeted treatments for conditions characterized by attentional deficits.
Usage: Several citations using 192-IgG-SAP;. The specific role of ACh in attentional function can be examined with lesions to cholinergic inputs to the mPFC, using the immunotoxin 192 immunoglobulin G (IgG) saporin. Increases in mPFC ACh efflux related to attention are no longer present following cholinergic lesions. These cholinergic lesions lead to severe deficits in performance on both sustained attention and 5CSRTT-related tasks.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Substance P and neurotensin in the limbic system: Their roles in reinforcement and memory consolidation.
Lénárd L, László K, Kertes E, Ollmann T, Péczely L, Kovács A, Kállai V, Zagorácz O, Gálosi R, Karádi Z (2018) Substance P and neurotensin in the limbic system: Their roles in reinforcement and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 85:1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.003
Summary: A specific neurotoxin, SSP-SAP can cause selective ablation of NK1 receptor expressing cells. This lesion in the BLA of rats resulted in anxiogenic effect, while in the CeA had no effect in EPM test.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Molecular, cellular and circuit basis of cholinergic modulation of pain
Naser PV, Kuner R (2018) Molecular, cellular and circuit basis of cholinergic modulation of pain. Neuroscience 387:135-148. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.049
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Neuropeptide Y and its involvement in chronic pain
Diaz-delCastillo M, Woldbye DPD, Heegaard AM (2018) Neuropeptide Y and its involvement in chronic pain. Neuroscience 387:162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.050
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
Atopic dermatitis linked cytokine interleukin-31 induced itch mediated via a neuropeptide natriuretic polypeptide b
Pitake S, Ralph PC, DeBrecht J, Mishra SK (2018) Atopic dermatitis linked cytokine interleukin-31 induced itch mediated via a neuropeptide natriuretic polypeptide b. Acta Derm Venereol 98:795-796. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2977
Objective: To determine if NPPB is involved as a neuropeptide in IL-31-mediated itch in atopic dermatitis (AD) via natriuretic polypeptide receptor A (NPRA) in the spinal cord.
Summary: This study reveals an important role of neuropeptide NPPB in AD that could provide a therapeutic target for alleviating chronic itch associated with AD.
Usage: To further demonstrate the IL-31-mediated itch response by NPRA receptors expressed in the spinal cord, Nppb-SAP (5 μg) was used to eliminate neurons expressing NPRA receptors in the spinal cord.
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69)
Selective ablation of striatal striosomes produces the deregulation of dopamine nigrostriatal pathway
Shumilov K, Real MÁ, Valderrama-Carvajal A, Rivera A (2018) Selective ablation of striatal striosomes produces the deregulation of dopamine nigrostriatal pathway. PLoS One 13:e0203135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203135
Objective: To increase knowledge in the role of the striosomal projection onto the dopamine neurons of the SNc and its impact on the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway.
Summary: Results highlight the key function of the striosomes for maintenance of the striatal dopamine tone and contribute to the understanding of their involvement in some neurological disorders such as Huntington’s disease.
Usage: Unilateral intrastriatal 2-μl injections of Dermorphin-SAP (17 μg/μl in saline) were performed to induce the selective ablation of MOR-expressing neurons in the striosomal compartment.
Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent expansion of T-regulatory cells maintains mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis
Acovic A, Simovic Markovic B, Gazdic M, Arsenijevic A, Jovicic N, Gajovic N, Jovanovic M, Zdravkovic N, Kanjevac T, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Dolicanin Z, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V (2018) Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent expansion of T-regulatory cells maintains mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 11:1-22. doi: 10.1177/1756284818793558
Objective: To analyze the significance of the IDO:Treg axis for inducing and maintaining mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC).
Summary: IDO-dependent expansion of endogenous Tregs should be explored as a new approach for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in patients with UC.
Usage: DSS-treated BALB/c mice were injected with Anti-CD103-SAP (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally).
Related Products: Anti-CD103-SAP (Cat. #IT-50)
Cholinergic modulation of spatial learning, memory and navigation.
Solari N, Hangya B (2018) Cholinergic modulation of spatial learning, memory and navigation. Eur J Neurosci 48:2199-2230. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14089
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32)