targeted-toxins

Lee S, Cho W, Lee Y, Han J (2018) Impact of chronic stress on the spatial learning and GR-PKAc-NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus and cortex in rats following cholinergic depletion. Mol Neurobiol 55:3976-3989. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0620-5

Objective: Examine the effects of chronic stress on cognitive status and GR-PKAc-NF-κB signaling in rats with a loss of cholinergic input to the hippocampus and cortex.

Summary: The activation of NF-κB induced by cholinergic depletion appears to be aggravated by chronic stress, and this might explain the increased susceptibility of patients with Alzheimer’s disease to stress since activation of NF-κB is associated with stress.

Usage: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received injections of 192 IgG-SAP dissolved in sterile 0.01 M PBS) at a concentration of 0.25 μg/μl.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Havelin J, Imbert I, Sukhtankar D, Remeniuk B, Pelletier I, Gentry J, Okun A, Tiutan T, Porreca F, King T (2017) Mediation of movement-induced breakthrough cancer pain by IB4-binding nociceptors in rats. J Neurosci 37:5111-5122.. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1212-16.2017

Objective: To define a novel preclinical measure of movement-induced breakthrough pain (BTP) that is observed in the presence of morphine controlling ongoing pain.

Summary: Novel compounds targeting IB4-binding nociceptors may improve pain management for cancer pain patients and other patient populations suffering from BTP that is inadequately treated by currently available medications.

Usage: To determine the effect of eliminating input from IB4-binding fibers, separate groups of rats received spinal administration of IB4-SAP or the control, Blank-SAP (3.2 mcg/20 mcl saline) followed by a 10 mcl flush of saline. Movement of an air bubble placed between drug solution and saline was used to monitor progress of the injection.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Craig TA, Brown SM, Nichols NL (2017) Adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor expression in rats with motor neuron death from intrapleural CTB-saporin injections. FASEB J 31(S1):873.14. Experimental Biology 2017 Meeting Abstracts. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.873.14

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Nichols NL, Tanner M (2017) Phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is TrkB and PI3K/Akt dependent in rats with motor neuron death from intrapleural CTB-saporin injections. FASEB J 31(S1):1053.13. Experimental Biology 2017 Meeting Abstracts. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1053.13

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Jenrette T, Logue J, Horner KA (2017) Striatal patch compartment lesions reduce habitual behaviors. FASEB J 31(S1):1059.6. Experimental Biology 2017 Meeting Abstracts. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1059.6

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Erdos B, Cruickshank NC, Einwag ZD, Schaich CL, Wellman TL (2017) Increased BDNF expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) abolishes hypotensive actions of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) catecholaminergic neurons. FASEB J 31(S1):866.7. Experimental Biology 2017 Meeting Abstracts. doi: fasebj.31.1_supplement.866.7

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Gulino R, Parenti R, Gulisano M (2017) Sonic hedgehog and TDP-43 participate in the spontaneous locomotor recovery in a mouse model of spinal motoneuron disease. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2:11.. doi: 10.3390/jfmk2020011

Summary: The authors used a mouse model of neurotoxic motoneuron depletion to study the role of Sonic hedgehog and TDP-43 in the compensatory changes occurring after the lesion. The injection of cholera toxin-B saporin (CTB-SAP; Cat. #IT-14) into the gastrocnemius muscle caused a partial motoneuron death accompanied by an impairment of locomotion.  Motor activity was significantly restored as soon as one month later.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Barry DM, Munanairi A, Chen Z-F (2018) Spinal mechanisms of itch transmission. Neurosci Bull 34:156-164. doi: 10.1007/s12264-017-0125-2

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40)

Huang L, Yuan T, Tan M, Xi Y, Hu Y, Tao Q, Zhao Z, Zheng J, Han Y, Xu F, Luo M, Sollars P, Pu M, Pickard G, So K, Ren C (2017) A retinoraphe projection regulates serotonergic activity and looming-evoked defensive behaviour. Nat Commun 8:14908. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14908 PMID: 28361990

Objective: To investigate how the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and superior colliculus work in concert to extract and translate visual threats into defensive behavioural responses.

Summary: A dedicated population of RGCs signals rapidly approaching visual threats and their input to the DRN controls a serotonergic self-gating mechanism that regulates innate defensive responses.

Usage: Mice received bilateral intraocular injection (2 μg per eye) made between Streptavidin-Saporin and a biotinylated CTB antibody, or Anti-Melanopsin-SAP (2 μg per eye). For detection of melanopsin, retinas were incubated for 3 days at 4 °C with anti-melanopsin (1:600).

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Malheiros-Lima M, Takakura A, Moreira T (2017) Depletion of rostral ventrolateral medullary catecholaminergic neurons impairs the hypoxic ventilatory response in conscious rats. Neuroscience 351:1-14.. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.031

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)