targeted-toxins

Gu Z, Toliver-Kinsky T, Glasgow J, Werrbach-Perez K, Perez-Polo JR (2000) NGF-mediated alteration of NF-κB binding activity after partial immunolesions to rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 18:455-468. doi: 10.1016/s0736-5748(00)00004-6

Summary: After injecting 1.3 µg 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the lateral ventricle of rat brain, followed by infusion of NGF antibody, Gu et al. report changes in the activity of the transcription factor NF-B. Aged rodent brains show an increase in NF-kappaB activity. This model creates a tool to investigate decreased cholinergic function that is often associated with memory loss and cognitive deficits in the elderly and particularly in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Schroeter S, Apparsundaram S, Wiley RG, Miner LH, Sesack SR, Blakely RD (2000) Immunolocalization of the cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive 1-norepinephrine transporter. J Comp Neurol 420:211-232. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000501)420:2<211::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-3

Summary: Norepinephrine transporters are involved in the response to multiple antidepressants and psychostimulants, but the expression of these proteins has not yet been characterized in the central nervous system. Schroeter et al. used an antibody to a cytoplasmic epitope of norepinephrine transporters to map the transporters to noradrenergic neuronal somata, axons, and dendrites. To verify the specificity of the antibody the researchers injected 10 µg of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) in the left lateral ventricle of rats to destroy the noradrenergic neurons, confirming the specificity of the norepinephrine transporter antibody. Treatment with anti-DBH-SAP completely removed norepinephrine transporter immunoreactivity.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Roher AE, Kuo YM, Potter PE, Emmerling MR, Durham RA, Walker DG, Sue LI, Honer WG, Beach TG (2000) Cortical cholinergic denervation elicits vascular A beta deposition. Ann NY Acad Sci 903:366-373. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06388.x

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Gandhi CC, Kelly RM, Wiley RG, Walsh TJ (2000) Impaired acquisition of a Morris water maze task following selective destruction of cerebellar Purkinje cells with OX7-saporin. Behav Brain Res 109:37-47. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00160-6

Summary: The cerebellum has been associated with the control of motor activity and voluntary movements. Recent data have shown the cerebellum may also play a role in “higher order” processes such as learning, language, and cognition. Using 2 µg OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) by i.c.v. injection, Gandhi et al. selectively eliminated Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum in order to examine the ability of treated animals to complete a water maze task. Elimination of these cells significantly impaired the ability of the rats to complete the task, suggesting the cerebellum is involved in learning.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Beach TG, Potter PE, Kuo YM, Emmerling MR, Durham RA, Webster SD, Walker DG, Sue LI, Scott S, Layne KJ, Roher AE (2000) Cholinergic deafferentation of the rabbit cortex: a new animal model of Abeta deposition. Neurosci Lett 283:9-12. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00916-2

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Stowell JR, Berntson GG, Sarter M (2000) Attenuation of the bidirectional effects of chlordiazepoxide and FG 7142 on conditioned response suppression and associated cardiovascular reactivity by loss of cortical cholinergic inputs. Psychopharmacol 150(2):141-149. doi: 10.1007/s002130000443

Summary: The benzodiazepine receptor (BR) is involved in anxiety. It has been hypothesized that cholinergic projections from the CBF are necessary for modulation of the BR by agonists and inverse agonists. Stowell et al. directly injected 0.18 µg 192-Saporin (Cat #IT-01) into each hemisphere of the CBF in adult rats. The treated rats had altered responses to external stimuli during an operant conditioned task. These results indicate that the CBF plays an important role in response to fear and anxiety-related stimuli. This system may also mediate the actions of BR ligands.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Gu Z, Yu J, Werrbach-Perez K, Perez-Polo JR (2000) Repeated immunolesions display diminished stress response signal. Int J Dev Neurosci 18:177-183. doi: 10.1016/s0736-5748(99)00086-6

Summary: Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in neurotrophin release in general injury response although this response is impaired in the aged individual. Addition of pharmacological doses of NGF can repair this mechanism. Gu et al. used 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) to model the endogenous stimulation of NGF in response to injury. They found that a one-time administration of 192-Saporin was more effective than chronic repeated administrations for inducing an increase in NGF levels. These results indicate that chronic lesions may cause a desensitization that differs from the acute toxic model.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rossner S, Schliebs R, Bigl V (2000) Intracerebroventricular infusion of CHO5, a rat monoclonal antibody directed against mouse low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NTR), specifically labels basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mouse brain. Metab Brain Dis 15(1):17-27. doi: 10.1007/BF02680011 PMID: 10885538

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has long been a useful tool for neurobiological research in the rat. For various reasons, many researchers want to perform the same studies in the mouse but have been prevented from doing so by the lack of a suitable antibody against the mouse p75NTR. Rossner et al. describe a rat monoclonal antibody against the mouse p75NTR (Cat. #AB-N02) that demonstrates co-localization of p75NTR and ChAT, and also co-localization of p75NTR and TrkA in the mouse basal forebrain. Internalization and retrograde transport of this antibody in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons is also shown. This evidence indicates that the anti-mouse p75NTR will be effective for use as an immunotoxin.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Antibody to NGFR (Cat. #AB-N02)

Wirth S, Lehmann O, Bertrans F, Lazarus C, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC (2000) Preserved olfactory short-term memory after combined cholinergic and serotonergic lesions using 192 IgG-Saporin and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in rats [published erratum appears in Neuroreport 2000 Mar 20;11(4):inside back cover]. Neuroreport 11:347-350. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200002070-00025

Usage: 192-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) 2 µg, intracerebroventricular

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Maciejewski-Lenoir D, Heinrichs SC, Liu X-J, Ling N, Tucker A, Xie Q, Lappi DA, Grigoriadis DE (2000) Selective impairment of corticotropin-releasing factor1 (CRF1) receptor-mediated function using CRF coupled to saporin. Endocrinol 141:498-504. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.2.7336

Summary: Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) is a 41-amino acid peptide which mediates many of the body’s behavioral, autonomic, immune, and endocrine responses to stress. Reduced activation of the CRF systems plays a role in a variety of psychiatric and metabolic disease states. Maciejewski-Lenoir et al. have developed a CRF-SAP targeted toxin that can eliminate cells expressing the CRF1 but not CRF2a receptors. These data indicate that CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13) may be useful as a tool to examine receptor-selective impairment of CRF system function.

Related Products: CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13)