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Hosts and heterologous expression strategies of recombinant toxins for therapeutic purposes
di Leandro L, Colasante M, Pitari G, Ippoliti R (2023) Hosts and heterologous expression strategies of recombinant toxins for therapeutic purposes. Toxins (Basel) 15(12):699. doi: 10.3390/toxins15120699 PMID: 38133203
Objective: Review the recombinant expression of toxins from bacterial, plant, or animal species used as components of immunotoxins.
Summary: Commercial production of recombinant proteins for therapeutic purposes involves the utilization of various hosts, with the most common choices being bacteria, yeasts, and mammalian cell lines. The authors also provide an overview of the primary advantages and disadvantages of various systems for toxin manufacturing.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma
Singh RR, Mondal I, Janjua T, Popat A, Kulshreshtha R (2023) Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma. Bioact Mater 33:396-426. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.007 PMID: 38059120
Objective: A review of non-coding RNA therapy and its targeted delivery of nucleic acids to treat Glioblastoma, emphasizing smart nano-materials.
Summary: Nano-carriers of ncRNA can offer unique advantages in fighting, such as low cytotoxicity, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, stealth to bypass immune detection, prolonged release of the cargo, improved circulatory time, and also targeted therapy.
Usage: Saporin as a payload to the nano-carriers angiopep-2 peptide and RAP12.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
The specificity landscape of bacterial ribonuclease P
Chamberlain AR, Huynh L, Huang W, Taylor DJ, Harris ME (2023) The specificity landscape of bacterial ribonuclease P. J Biol Chem 300(1):105498. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105498 PMID: 38013087
Objective: Review of the specificity of ribonucleoprotein RNase P in binding different types of RNA.
Summary: Ribonucelase P is involved in the RNA metabolism pathways. By studying the rate at which it combines with different types of RNA under different conditions, like concentration and competition with different enzymes, a model describing its specificity to different RNA motifs can be developed.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
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Heat shock proteins on tumor cell surface as target for anti-tumor therapy (a review)
Makarova AO, Kostenk VV, Ovsyanikova OV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Lutsenko GV, Lutsenko AM (2023) Heat shock proteins on tumor cell surface as target for anti-tumor therapy (a review). Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 50(3):644-656. doi: 10.1134/S1068162024030038
Objective: To present the characteristics of the main proteins of the heat shock proteins (HSP) family, the features of their expression in tumor cells, and the possibility of using monoclonal antibodies against these proteins as a guiding vector for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Summary: Apart from targeted delivery of NPs and different therapeutic drugs into cancer cells, another advantage of mAbs against HSP70 is their ability to activate anti-tumor antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Usage: Certain antitumor drugs can be delivered by mAbs not only as part of NPs, but also as a drug–antibody conjugate. For instance, anti-HSP65 mouse mAb ML30 conjugated to Saporin (PR-01) almost fully inhibited cell proliferation of cell lines U937 and Daudi that express HSP65 on their surfaces.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Custom Conjugates
Exploring the potential of nanogels: From drug carriers to radiopharmaceutical agents
Kubeil M, Suzuki Y, Casulli MA, Kamal R, Hashimoto T, Bachmann M, Hayashita T, Stephan H (2023) Exploring the potential of nanogels: From drug carriers to radiopharmaceutical agents. Adv Healthc Mater e2301404. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202301404 PMID: 37717209
Summary: This review provides a brief overview of current developments of nanogels in the fields of drug delivery, therapeutic applications, tissue engineering and sensor systems. The authors described one development using saporin. Mimicking the function of molecular chaperones, Kawasaki et al. created magnetic in vivo protein transport nanogels with encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles. The nanogels also contained saporin, which was rapidly released by an exchange reaction with serum protein. The evaluation using an oral cancer model revealed a reduction in tumor volume and suppression of tumor regrowth, with no change in body weight.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
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Mast cell silencing: A novel therapeutic approach for urticaria and other mast cell-mediated diseases
Metz M, Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Siebenhaar F, Levi-Schaffer F, Youngblood BA, Church MK, Maurer M (2024) Mast cell silencing: A novel therapeutic approach for urticaria and other mast cell-mediated diseases. Allergy 79(1):37-51. doi: 10.1111/all.15850 PMID: 37605867
Objective: Authors review the role of mast cells (MC) in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria (CU), explore current therapeutic strategies, and introduce the concept of MC silencing as a strategy to block activation of MCs without eliciting immunosuppressive adverse effects.
Summary: CU is a MC-dependent disease with limited therapeutic options. Current strategies are directed at inhibiting IgE-mediated activation of MCs. MC depletion or silencing strategies are being developed to overcome limitations of singularly targeted agents. MC silencers, such as monoclonal antibodies that engage inhibitory receptor like sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin8 (Siglec-8) have reached preclinical stages of development. Siglecs have been shown to be internalized upon antibody engagement, such as Siglec-8, and is being used to deplete MCs via conjugating saporin to the internalizing Siglec-8 antibody to cause cell death in human mast cells.
Usage: Usage: Anti-Siglec-8 (2C4)-SAP was used at 2.5 µg/ml to eliminate eosinophils and at 1.25 µg/ml to eliminate the HMC-1.2 human mast cell line.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
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Emerging non-viral vectors for gene delivery
Wang C, Pan C, Yong H, Wang F, Bo T, Zhao Y, Ma B, He W, Li M (2023) Emerging non-viral vectors for gene delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 21(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02044-5 PMID: 37592351
Summary: This review describes the fastest-growing and efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors that include liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), highly branched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE), single-chain cyclic polymer (SCKP), poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). One group designed and synthesized HPAEs with positive and negative charges to deliver saporin. Another group performed cell experiments that demonstrated that a boronic acid-grafted dendrimer vector had good delivery ability for saporin.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Engineering blood-brain barrier-permeable and tumor cell-ingestible pro-proteins for glioblastoma treatment
Liu X, Si W, Zhao Z, Liu N, Yang Q, Zhou R, Zhu R, Duan S, Chen Y, Yin L (2023) Engineering blood-brain barrier-permeable and tumor cell-ingestible pro-proteins for glioblastoma treatment. Sci China Chem 66:2634-2644. doi: 10.1007/s11426-023-1684-5
Objective: Using M2-D, a blood brain penetrating pro-protein, conjugated to saporin to kill glioblastoma cells in mice.
Summary: M2-D, a blood brain penetrating pro-protein, is conjugated to saporin allowing the cytotoxicity of saporin to reach through the brain in a L-type amino acid transport mediated delivery. M2D-Saporin demonstrated selective killing of glioblastoma cells in mice and didn’t exhibit general systemic toxicity.
Usage: Cy5-Saporin or Cy5-saporin-M2-D was i.v. injected to BALB/c mice at 0.5 mg Cy5-saporin/kg
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
DichroIDP: a method for analyses of intrinsically disordered proteins using circular dichroism spectroscopy
Miles AJ, Drew ED, Wallace BA (2023) DichroIDP: a method for analyses of intrinsically disordered proteins using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Commun Biol 6(1):823. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05178-2 PMID: 37553525
Objective: To use DichroIDP software to analyze secondary structures of proteins containing disordered structures via circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Summary: Globular proteins have specific shapes and mainly contain standard secondary structures. In contrast, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) have flexible chains with limited persistent secondary structures.
Usage: Saporin is used to study secondary and tertiary protein structure
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Designing coiled-coil peptide materials for biomedical applications
Jorgensen MD (2023) Designing coiled-coil peptide materials for biomedical applications. Purdue University Thesis.
Objective: Using saporin [PR-01] containing hydrogel to target and eliminate cancer cells.
Summary: Hydrogels can bind molecular cargo and be used to shuttle cytotoxic drugs across the body. Using a pH-responsive hyaluronic acid nanogel containing saporin, cancer cells with overexpressed CD44 receptor are eliminated.
Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Anti-CD44-SAP (Cat. #IT-72)
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