antibodies

Bolaina-Lorenzo E, Martínez-Ramos C, Monleón-Pradas M, Herrera-Kao W, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Cervantes-Uc JM (2016) Electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering: physicochemical characterization and Schwann cell biocompatibility. Biomed Mater 12(1):015008. doi: 10.1088/1748-605x/12/1/015008 PMID: 27934786

Objective: To study the effect of scaffold compositions on its physicochemical and biological properties.

Summary: Immunochemistry analysis with p75 analysis confirmed that the cells exhibited a Schwann cell phenotype, suggesting that electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan scaffolds would be good candidates for peripheral nerve tissue engineering.

Usage: IHC (1:100)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Maass J, Gu R, Cai T, Wan Y, Cantellano S, Asprer J, Zhang H, Jen H, Edlund R, Liu Z, Groves A (2016) Transcriptomic analysis of mouse cochlear supporting cell maturation reveals large-scale changes in notch responsiveness prior to the onset of hearing. PLoS One 11:e0167286. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167286 PMID: 27918591

Summary: The ability of neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells to divide and differentiate into hair cells is very limited and declines in the first two weeks after birth. This decline is associated with the morphological and functional maturation of the organ of Corti prior to the onset of hearing, however little is known of the molecular changes that underlie these events. The authors attempt to identify these changes using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of purified cochlear supporting cells and found significant changes in gene expression related to regulation of proliferation, differentiation of inner ear components and the maturation of the organ of Corti. The authors also examined the regenerative potential of supporting cells in production of hair cells in response to a blockade of the Notch signaling pathway at the time of birth, but a complete lack of response just a few days later. Analysis included IHC on frozen sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed temporal bones of LfngEGFP mice. Anti-NGFr (mup75) (Cat. #AB-N01AP) was used at a 1:200 dilution. The results offer first molecular insights into the failure of hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Friedman CA, Russell BJ, Kohls MD, Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Lappi DA (2016) Targeting vesicular gaba transporter (vGAT)-expressing cells with a polyclonal antibody to the lumenal domain of vGAT: results with a saporin conjugate. Neuroscience 2016 Abstracts 124.06 / E30. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA. PMID: 0

Summary: The vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) mediates the accumulation of GABA into synaptic vesicles and the release from these vesicles. vGAT is expressed in nerve endings of GABAergic neurons throughout the CNS. The GABAergic system is crucial for the development and functional maturation of the nervous system, as well as the maintenance of balance between excitation and inhibition required for normal neural circuit function. A panel of research tools has been created that target the lumenal domain of vGAT. Antiserum was raised against a peptide from the C-terminus of rat vGAT and resulted in an affinity-purified antibody and an immunotoxin specific for vGAT-expressing cells. The antigen sequence is identical among human, rat, mouse, pig and guinea pig. A stably-transfected clone of HEK293 cells (2E11HEK) that expresses vGAT on the cell surface shows excellent results for western blot, ICC and flow cytometry using both the antiserum and affinity-purified antibody. The affinity-purified antibody was used to create an immunotoxin by conjugating it to the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin. Saporin irreversibly inactivates ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis, when it is escorted into a cell. Saporin cannot enter a cell on its own, but when escorted by something that binds to a cell surface marker it is internalized along with the binding moiety and causes cell death. The immunotoxin (Anti-vGAT-SAP) is 1000-fold more cytotoxic to 2E11HEK cells than non-conjugated saporin, based on the EC50 in a cytotoxicity assay. The affinity-purified vGAT antibody binds specifically to cells that express vGAT, and delivers a payload to the interior of these cells. Anti-vGAT-SAP could be an important tool in studying diseases involving dysfunction of GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neuron dysfunction is thought to be an underlying factor in Epilepsy, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Schizophrenia and Autism. In vivo, elimination of vGAT-expressing cells in a particular area (rather than knocking out vGAT systemically) makes it possible to study the functions of those regional cells. Animals can then be tested behaviorally before and after injections of Anti-vGAT-SAP to demonstrate the effects of loss of cells in a particular region of interest.

Related Products: vGAT Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N44), Anti-vGAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-71)

Naylor R, McGhee C, Cowan C, Davidson A, Holm T, Sherwin T (2016) Derivation of corneal keratocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 11:e0165464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165464 PMID: 27792791

Summary: Slides containing cryosections were dried overnight at 4°C and then washed twice in Tris Buffered Saline containing 0.1% Triton X100 (TBST). Slides were then placed in block solution (3% BSA, 5% Goat serum in TBST) for at least one hour. The primary antibody was then applied in the same block solution (1:100) and left overnight at 4°C.

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Ueki Y, Ramirez G, Salcedo E, Stabio ME, Lefcort F (2016) Loss of Ikbkap causes slow, progressive retinal degeneration in a mouse model of familial dysautonomia. eNeuro 3:ENEURO.0143-0116.2016. doi: 10.1523/eneuro.0143-16.2016 PMID: 27699209

Summary: Familial dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive congenital neuropathy that is caused by a mutation in the gene for inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex-associated protein (IKBKAP). A classic hallmark of the disease is progressive blindness marked by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve atrophy. To investigate the consequences of Ikbkap loss in the retina, we generated Ikbkap conditional knockout mice using TUBA1a-Cre. Our data demonstrate that this is a powerful model system that faithfully recapitulates the phenotype and progression of FD blindness.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Amano M, Amiya N, Yokoyama T, Onikubo K, Yamamoto N, Takahashi A (2016) Immunohistochemical detection of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the brain and pituitary of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. Gen Comp Endocrinol 236:174-180. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.018 PMID: 27444128

Summary: The distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the brain and pituitary of the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri, representing the earliest branch of vertebrates, was examined by immunohistochemistry to better understand the neuroendocrine system of hagfish. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against human/mouse/rat CRH (Cat. #AB-02) was used. A standard curve was obtained from 0.78 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml. The cross-reactivity of anti-CRH antibody against CRH family peptides was found to be less than 0.01%, indicating the specificity of the antibody. The specificity of the antibody raised against human/mouse/rat CRH was demonstrated by a TR-FIA and absorption test. CRH-ir cell bodies were detected in two brain regions; the preopticohypothalamic area (PO, POp, and Hyinf) and the medulla oblongata. CRH-ir fibers were mainly distributed in the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata, in which CRH-ir cell bodies were detected.

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Huang WC (2016) Stem cells in tissue regeneration and diseases. University of California, Berkeley Thesis.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest stem cells (iPSC-NCSCs) and mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) on peripheral nerve regeneration.

Summary: Transplantation of NCSCs has better outcomes of motor nerve recovery and muscle reinnervation by Schwann cell differentiation in vivo and paracrine signaling, whereas transplantation of MPCs fails to promote functional nerve regeneration.

Usage: Immunostaining to characterize MPCs

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Lim J, Stafford B, Nguyen P, Lien B, Wang C, Zukor K, He Z, Huberman A (2016) Neural activity promotes long-distance, target-specific regeneration of adult retinal axons. Nat Neurosci 19:1073-1084. doi: 10.1038/nn.4340 PMID: 27399843

Summary: Axons in the CNS fail to regenerate after injury. Scientists sought to identify strategies that would allow retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to regenerate in the eye-to-brain pathway, and if that was possible, whether the axons could reconnect with their correct targets and restore visual function. It was previously shown that increasing mTOR signaling could trigger RGC axon regeneration. Several conditions were tested, but combining increased mTOR signaling and then exposing mice to high-contrast visual stimulation daily for 3 weeks scientists after optic nerve crush resulted in long distance RGC axon regeneration, re-innervation of the brain and partial recovery of a subset of visual behaviors. A 1:1000 dilution of Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38) was used for the immunohistochemical analysis of retinas, optic nerves and brain tissue.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Jiao J, Xiong W, Wang L, Yang J, Qiu P, Hirai H, Shao L, Milewicz D, Chen Y, Yang B (2016) Differentiation defect in neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells in patients with aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valves. EBioMedicine 10:282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.045 PMID: 27394642

Summary: Individuals with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are at a higher risk of developing thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) than patients with trileaflet aortic valves (TAV). Aneurysms associated with BAV most commonly involve the ascending aorta. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the ascending and descending aorta arise from neural crest (NC) and paraxial mesoderm (PM), respectively. Scientists hypothesized defective differentiation of the neural crest stem cells (NCSCs)-derived SMCs but not paraxial mesoderm cells (PMCs)- derived SMCs contributes to the aortopathy associated with BAV. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from BAV/TAA patients were differentiated into NCSC-derived SMCs and showed decreased expression of a marker of SMC differentiation (MYH11) and impaired contraction. The scientists demonstrated that decreased differentiation and contraction of patient’s NCSC-derived SMCs may contribute to the aortopathy associated with BAV.

Usage: Anti-NGFr (ME20.4, p75, Cat. #AB-N07) was used for the immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry of NCSCs.

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Go J, Kim JE, Kwak MH, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Kim DS, Hong JT, Hwang DY (2016) Neuroprotective effects of fermented soybean products (Cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on trimethyltin-induced cognitive defects mice. Nutr Neurosci 19(6):247-259. doi: 10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000025 PMID: 25923962

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Cheonggukjang (CGK) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on neurotoxic damages.

Summary: The short- and long-term memory loss induced by trimethyltin (TMT) treatment was significantly improved in the CGK-pretreated group in a dose-dependent manner. A dose-dependent increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration, activation of the NGF receptor signaling pathway including the TrkA high affinity receptor and p75 NTR low affinity receptor was measured in all TMT/CGK-treated groups.

Usage: Western Blot

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)