animal model

Janes TA, Cardani S, Saini JK, Pagliardini S (2024) Etonogestrel promotes respiratory recovery in an in vivo rat model of central chemoreflex impairment. Acta Physiol (Oxf) e14093. doi: 10.1111/apha.14093 PMID: 38258900

Objective: Examine the use of progestins and synthetic progestins in the stimulation of breathing, especially after chemoreflexive impairment.

Summary: Central CO2 chemoreflex is important for respiratory control. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is involved in CO2 chemosensitivity where its removal or inhibition attenuates CO2 chemoreflexes and diminishes restful breathing. Progesterone stimulates restful breathing and CO2 chemoreflexes. The authors investigated whether acute or chronic administration of the progestinic drug, etonogestrel, could help in the recovery of respiratory chemoreflexes following lesion of the retrotrapezoid nucleus via a SP-SAP.

Usage: Rats were injected with 26-43.3 ng/ul of SP-SAP (IT-11) or 46.7 ng/ul of Blank-SAP (IT-21), with 150 nl per injection.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Masmudi-Martín M, López-Aranda MF, Navarro-Lobato I, Khan ZU (2024) A role of frontal association cortex in long-term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats. Eur J Neurosci 59(7):1743-1752. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16243 PMID: 38238909

Objective: Provide evidence that the frontal association cortex and not the Perirhinal cortex is essential for object recognition memory (ORM) of objects with complex features.

Summary: The Perirhinal cortex is a brain area that has been seen as being crucial for ORM. However, the authors challenge that thought by using an ORM enhancer named RGS14414. Used as a tool, expression of it in rat brain frontal association cortex induced the formation of long-term complex ORM whereas the expression of the enhancer in Perirhinal cortex didn’t illicit the same effect. The authors also showed that expression of the enhancer in Perirhinal cortex instead caused formation of ORM of objects with only simple features. Furthermore, the selective elimination of frontal association cortex neurons via OX7-SAP (IT-02) completely removed the formation of complex ORM.

Usage: OX7-SAP (IT-02) was injected into the frontal association cortex of rats at a dose of 0.2 ug in 1 ul.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Gao Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang R, Zhang L (2024) Regulation of nociception threshold by norepinephrine through adrenergic α2 receptor in rat models of Parkinson’s disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 30(3):e14446. doi: 10.1111/cns.14446 PMID: 37721421

Objective: To investigate the effect of norepinephrine on the activation of brain cells through adrenergic α2 receptor, to regulate the nociception threshold in a 6-OHDA-induced animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Summary: The change of norepinephrine content can affect the activation of prefrontal and cingulate gyrus glial cells and participate in the regulation of nociception threshold in PD rats. Adrenergic α2 receptor agonist and central presynaptic membrane α2 receptor blocker both affect cell activation and improve hyperalgesia.

Usage: 4 μL of Anti-DBH-saporin was injected into the right lateral ventricle (1.25 μg/μL, 0.9% NaCl dilution), and injected at the rate of 1 μL/min.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Murray R, Logan M, Horner K (2015) Striatal patch compartment lesions reduce stereotypy following repeated cocaine administration. Brain Res 1618:286-298. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.012 PMID: 26100338

Objective: Investigate the impact of neuron ablation in the striatum on stereotypy, a form of repetitive and uncontrollable behavior, in rats following cocaine administration.

Summary: Stereotypy, characterized by rigid, repetitive behaviors after psychostimulant exposure, is linked to the activation of the patch compartment within the striatum. To clarify the role of these neurons, they were selectively ablated, resulting in a noticeable reduction in the intensity of stereotypy behaviors.

Usage: 2 microliters of Dermorphin-SAP (IT-12) at a concentration of 17 ng/μl were administered bilaterally into the patch compartment of the striatum. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

See Also:

• Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control.

Lee LC, Rajkumar R, Dawe GS (2014) Selective lesioning of nucleus incertus with corticotropin releasing factor-saporin conjugate. Brain Res 1543:179-190. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.021 PMID: 24287211

Objective: To investigate the role of Nucleus Incertus (NI) neurons in behavior by lesioning these neurons in rats using CRF-SAP (IT-13).

Summary: NI neurons are integral to CRF1, Relaxin-3, and GABA signaling pathways. By targeting the NI region with CRF-SAP, these neurons are selectively eliminated, allowing for the study of Relaxin-3’s influence on mood and behavior. Given the NI neurons’ involvement in emotional regulation, this approach sheds light on their contribution to mental illness and psychiatric disorders.

Usage: Infusion of 172 ng of CRF–SAP (IT-13) into the NI of rats. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control.

Related Products: CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

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