References

Liu W, Zhang S, Gu S, Sang L, Dai C (2015) Mesenchymal stem cells recruit macrophages to alleviate experimental colitis through TGFβ1. Cell Physiol Biochem 35:858-865. doi: 10.1159/000369743

Usage: For in vivo depletion of macrophages, mice received i.v. injection of Mac-1-SAP 20 µg, twice per week.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Kucinski A (2015) Featured Article: Impairments in gait, posture and complex movement control in rats modeling the multi-system, cholinergic-dopaminergic losses in Parkinson’s Disease. Targeting Trends 16(1)

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Phillips K et al. Impairments in gait, posture and complex movement control in rats modeling the multi-system, cholinergic-dopaminergic losses in PD. Neuroscience 2014 Abstracts 692.21, 2014. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC

Higgins S, Fillmore H, Ashkan K, Butt A, Pilkington G (2015) Dual targeting NG2 and GD3A using Mab-Zap immunotoxin results in reduced glioma cell viability in vitro. Anticancer Res 35:77-84.

Summary: Human glioma-derived cell lines were sequentially incubated with anti-NG2 and anti-GD3A coupled to Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) at 1 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml for 72 hours each. The combination therapy was significantly more effective than single therapy in eliminating the glioma cells.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)

Xu M, Kobets A, Du J, Lennington J, Li L, Banasr M, Duman R, Vaccarino F, DiLeone R, Pittenger C (2015) Targeted ablation of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum produces behavioral manifestations of Tourette syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:893-898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419533112

Summary: Postmortem studies of Tourette syndrome patients has revealed a reduction in the number of specific striatal interneurons. The authors explored the hypothesis that this neuronal deficit is enough to produce the symptoms of Tourette syndrome in mice. Animals received 90-ng injections of Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42) into the striatum. Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35) was used as a control. The data suggest that loss of the striatal interneurons is enough to produce some, but not all, of the symptoms caused by Tourette syndrome.

Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)

Devesa I, Ferrándiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf C, Luján R, Changeux J, Ferrer-Montiel A (2014) αCGRP is essential for algesic exocytotic mobilization of TRPV1 channels in peptidergic nociceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:18345-18350. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420252111

Summary: The sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) can lead to the development and maintenance of chronic pathological pain conditions. In this work the authors determined that TRPV1 receptors use membrane insertion mechanisms in order to potentiate neuronal excitability. In order to specifically link this activity to peptidergic neurons the authors treated rat primary dorsal root ganglion cultures with 10 mM rIB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) to deplete the non-peptidergic neurons.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Ehrlich D, Wang B, Lu W, Dowling P, Yuan R (2014) Intratumoral anti-HuD immunotoxin therapy for small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 7:91. doi: 10.1186/s13045-014-0091-3

Summary: HuD protein is a 40-kDa neuronal RNA-binding protein that is expressed in 100% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumor cells. An anti-HuD monoclonal was biotinylated and combined with Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27); this conjugate was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-HuD-SAP eliminated NCI-H69 and Neuro-2a cells at an EC50 of <0.5 μg/ml. 1 mg/kg of the conjugate injected directly into subcutaneous tumors generated in mice resulted in a temporary lack of tumor growth or regression of the tumor. The results demonstrate the potential of HuD as a therapeutic target for SCLC and neuroblastoma.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Keimpema E, Zheng K, Barde SS, Berghuis P, Dobszay MB, Schnell R, Mulder J, Luiten PG, Xu ZD, Runesson J, Langel U, Lu B, Hokfelt T, Harkany T (2014) GABAergic terminals are a source of galanin to modulate cholinergic neuron development in the neonatal forebrain. Cereb Cortex 24(12):3277-3288. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht192

Summary: In this work the authors sought to clarify the role of galanin during brain development. Several different techniques were used including the use of Galanin-SAP (Cat. #IT-34) on primary cell cultures from the fetal forebrains of rats. Cultured basal forebrain neurons were exposed to 5 ng/ml of Galanin-SAP for 8 hours, and cell death was assessed after 72 hours. Cholinergic cells were killed by Galanin-SAP, indicating that these neurons can use extracellular galanin-2 receptors to facilitate development.

Related Products: Galanin-SAP (Cat. #IT-34)

Sato M, Inada E, Saitoh I, Matsumoto Y, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S (2015) A combination of targeted toxin technology and the piggyBac-mediated gene transfer system enables efficient isolation of stable transfectants in nonhuman mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 10:143-153. doi: 10.1002/biot.201400283

Summary: In this work the authors developed a new transfection strategy that takes advantage of the fact that many cell lines endogenously express α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-Gal), the target of rIB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10). After transfection low expressing or non-transfected cells are killed by an application of rIB4-SAP at 80 μg/ml for 2 hours. The surviving cells eventually express α-Gal again, and require no selective agent to maintain expression of the gene of interest. These transfected cells can be transfected again using the same method.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Feetham C, Barrett-Jolley R (2014) NK1-receptor-expressing paraventricular nucleus neurones modulate daily variation in heart rate and stress-induced changes in heart rate variability. Physiol Rep 2:e12207. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12207

Summary: Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) project to the medulla and spinal cord, regulating heart rate and blood pressure. Although the activity of these neurons becomes elevated during heart failure, their role in overall cardiovascular control is unclear. The authors lesioned the PVN of rats with 2 ng injections of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11). Heart rate variability during the experiment was measured using a high/low frequency ratio in response to psychological stress. The variability response of lesioned rats was lower than that of controls, and a shift in daily heart rate variation was seen as well. The authors conclude that neurokinin-1 expressing neurons in the PVN couple the cardiovascular system to the daily heart rate as well as the sympathetic response to psychological stress.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Pergolizzi J, Gharibo C, Ho K (2015) Treatment considerations for cancer pain: A global perspective. Pain Pract 15:778-792. doi: 10.1111/papr.12253

Summary: This review discusses the treatment of cancer pain, addressing various aspects of the overall picture, such as early pain treatment to reduce central sensitization and chronic pain, pain assessment tools, and guidelines for treating specific populations of patients. Some of the current tools for pain management are discussed, including SP-SAP, which is currently in clinical trials as a cancer pain therapeutic.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)