Zhang F, Huan L, Xu T, Li G, Zheng B, Zhao H, Guo Y, Shi J, Sun J, Chen A (2020) Inflammatory macrophages facilitate mechanical stress-induced osteogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 12(4):3617-3625. doi: 10.18632/aging.102833
Summary: In a mouse model of distraction osteogenesis (DO), there was significant increase in macrophages in the regeneration area. This suggests that targeting inflammatory macrophages may help to improve clinical bone repair.
Usage: For saporin-mediated depletion of macrophages, DO-surgery-treated mice received an intraventricular (iv) injection of either Mac-1-SAP or Rat IgG-SAP (20µg) once every 3 days.
Li S, Zhao W, Tao Y, Liu C (2020) Fugan Wan alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting ACE/Ang II/AT-1R signaling pathway and enhancing ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis rat models. Am J Transl Res 12(2):592-601. PMID: 32194907
Objective: To investigate protective effects of Fugan Wan (FGW) on hepatic fibrosis and clarify associated mechanisms.
Summary: FGW alleviated hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting ACE/Ang II/AT-1R signaling and enhancing ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis rat models.
Meng J, Chen W, Wang J (2020) Intervening B-type natriuretic peptide signaling for controlling chronic itch. Brit J Pharmacol 177(5):1025-1040. doi: 10.1111/bph.14952
Objective: Review of recent findings used to examine the role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in itch transduction and the modulation of other pururitic proteins.
Summary: Mice treated with Nppb-SAP ablated 70% of the BNP receptor-positive neurons in the spinal cord.
Srikanthan MA, Humbert O, Haworth KG, Ironside C, Rajawat YS, Blazar BR, Palchaudhuri R, Boitano AE, Cooke MP, Scadden DT, Kiem HP (2020) Effective multi-lineage engraftment in a mouse model of fanconi anemia using non-genotoxic antibody-based conditioning. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 17:455-464. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.02.001 PMID: 32226796
Objective: To utilize antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) as an alternative conditioning regimen in a Fanconi anemia (FA) mouse model of autologous transplantation.
Summary: Antibody conjugates targeting hematopoietic cells are an emerging non-genotoxic method of promoting engraftment of transplanted cells while maintaining intact marrow cellularity. FANCA knockout mice were conditioned with either Anti-CD45-SAP or Anti-CD117-SAP prior to receiving whole marrow from a heterozygous healthy donor. Bone marrow and peripheral blood analysis revealed equivalent levels of donor engraftment, with minimal toxicity in ADC-treated groups as compared with cyclophosphamide-treated control.
Usage: Anti-CD45-SAP (3 mg/kg total complex) or Anti-CD117-SAP (1.5 mg/kg total complex) via tail vein injection.
Crevier-Sorbo G, Rymar, VV,Crevier-Sorbo R, Sadikot AF (2020) Thalamostriatal degeneration contributes to dystonia and cholinergic interneuron dysfuntion in a mouse model of huntington’s disease. Acta Neruopatho Commun 8(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-0878-0 PMID: 32033588
Objective: To ablate the neurons of the Thalamostrial system (TS) to elucidate their role in the motor symptoms of Huntington’s Disease.
Summary: Huntington’s disease is an autosomal disorder characterized by involuntary movement and striatal neuronal loss. Glutaminergic input from the TS is implicated in disease progression and motor deficits. Anti-ChAT-SAP is used to ablate neurons in the Thalamostrial system to understand the role these neurons played in Huntington’s.
Usage: Mice underwent unilateral, striatal injections with either Anti-ChAT-SAP (IT-42) or Rabbit IgG-SAP (IT-35). The total volume and concentration of either saporin construct was the same (0.7 μL of 0.6 μg/μL solution).
Cui LJ, Chen WH, Liu AL, Han X, Jiang SX, Yuan F, Zhong YM, Yang XL, Weng SJ (2020) nGnG amacrine cells and Brn3b-negative M1 ipRGCs are specifically labeled in the ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 61(2):14. doi: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.14 PMID: 32049344
Summary: The authors speculated that type II cells might be ipRGCs. This was later verified by the strong immunostaining of type II cells in response to the melanopsin antibody UF006 (100%, 141 of 141 cells collected from 5 retinas, Figs. 6B1–B3), which probes multiple ipRGC subtypes.
Ali A, Syed SM, Jamaluddin MFB, Colino-Sanguino Y, Gallego-Ortega D, Tanwar PS (2020) Cell lineage tracing identifies hormone-regulated and wnt-responsive vaginal epithelial stem cells. Cell Rep 30(5):1463-1477.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.003 PMID: 32023462
Objective: To learn more about the role of Wnt signaling in vaginal epithelium (VE) homeostasis.
Summary: Data define heterogeneity in VE and identify VE stem cells. It was shown that canonical Wnt/b-catenin signaling is required for the proliferation and differentiation of VE stem cells.
Objective: To assess the impact of Quantum Dots (QDs) alone and QDs conjugated to Saporin, on substantia nigra microglia and dopamine neurons.
Summary: QDs might be a viable route for toxicant delivery and also have an added advantage of being fluorescently visible. Ultimately, we found SNc neurons to be exceptionally vulnerable to QD-saporin and suggest that this could be a novel targeted approach to model Parkinson’s Disease-like inflammatory pathology.
Usage: Biotin-labeled saporin chicken polyclonal was mixed with QDs coated with streptavidin. 2 μl of QDs (1 μM) were mixed with 2 μL of biotinylated saporin (56 μM) and 76 μL of phosphate buffer solution was added.
Liu X, Miao XH, Liu T (2020) More than scratching the surface: recent progress in brain mechanisms underlying itch and scratch. Neurosci Bull 36(1):85-88. doi: 10.1007/s12264-019-00352-1
Summary: The discovery of descending neural circuitry to drive the itch-scratching cycle may provide potential therapeutic targets in the central nervous system for the management of chronic itch.
Usage: To ablate the spinal GRPR+ neurons, mice were intrathecally injected with Bombesin-SAP or Blank-SAP (400 ng/5 mL).
