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Divergent receptor utilization is necessary for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections
Borkowski LF, Smith CL, Keilholz AN, Nichols NL (2021) Divergent receptor utilization is necessary for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections. J Neurophysiol 126(3):709-722. doi: 10.1152/jn.00236.2021
Objective: The authors tested the hypothesis that phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following treatment with CTB-SAP is: 1) adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor-dependent at 7d; and 2) serotonin (5-HT) receptor-dependent at 28d.
Summary: This study furthers understanding of the contribution of differential receptor activation to pLTF and its implications for breathing following respiratory motor neuron death.
Usage: Male rats received bilateral, intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP or Saporin Control (25 μg).
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex
Jimenez-Martin J, Potapov D, Potapov K, Knöpfel T, Empson RM (2021) Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex. Sci Rep 11(1):17525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96696-8
Objective: To decipher the timing and significance of acetylcholine actions.
Summary: Study provides new insights into how the cortex processes sensory information and how loss of acetylcholine, for example in Alzheimer’s Disease, disrupts sensory behaviours.
Usage: Focal cortical injection of mu p75-SAP or Rabbit IgG-SAP (1.7 mg/ml, 0.3 µl total volume, rate 0.075 µl/minute).
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
Reduction of arcuate kappa-opioid receptor-expressing cells increased luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in female rats
Dai M, Nakamura S, Takahashi C, Sato M, Munetomo A, Magata F, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H, Matsuda F (2021) Reduction of arcuate kappa-opioid receptor-expressing cells increased luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in female rats. Endocr J 68(8):933-941. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ20-0832
Summary: The number of Kiss1-expressing cells in the ARC was not affected by ARC Dyno-SAP treatment. Dynorphin-Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling within the ARC seems to mediate the suppression of the frequency of pulsatile GnRH/LH release, and neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) non-KNDy KOR neurons may be involved in the mechanism modulating GnRH/LH pulse generation.
Usage: Female rats were stereotaxically injected with Dyno-SAP (20 ng/200 nL) or unconjugated Saporin (18.6 ng/200 nL) as a control, bilaterally into the anterior and posterior ARC (total of 4 injection sites).
Related Products: Dyno-SAP (Dynorphin-SAP) (Cat. #IT-68), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Roles of the FGF-FGFR signaling system in cancer development and inflammation
Wiedlocha A, Haugsten EM, Zakrzewska M (2021) Roles of the FGF-FGFR signaling system in cancer development and inflammation. Cells 10(9):2231. doi: 10.3390/cells10092231 PMID: 34571880
Objective: To highlight the latest advances in understanding the role of the FGF-FGFR signaling system in the development of neoplastic diseases and in the induction and maintenance of inflammation and its sequelae.
Related Products: FGF-SAP (Cat. #IT-38)
Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates kidney injury and high systolic blood pressure in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Sangartit W, Ha KB, Lee ES, Kim HM, Kukongviriyapan U, Lee EY, Chung CH (2021) Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates kidney injury and high systolic blood pressure in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 36(4):810-822. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.988 PMID: 34474516
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THU) on intrarenal RAS expression, kidney injury, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic mice.
Summary: THU alleviated kidney injury in mice with HFD-induced type 2 diabetes, possibly by blunting the activation of the intrarenal RAS/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase IV (NOX4)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) axis and by lowering the high SBP.
Usage: Western Blot (1:1000)
Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)
The effects of orexin-A and orexin receptors on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a male rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Han D, Shi Y, Han F (2022) The effects of orexin-A and orexin receptors on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a male rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Comp Neurol 530(3):592-606. doi: 10.1002/cne.25231
Objective: To determine the role of the orexin system in mediating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in PTSD.
Summary: Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A alleviated behavioral changes in a PTSD rat model and partly restored the increased levels of OX1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These results suggest that the orexin system plays a role in the anxiety- and depression-related symptoms observed in PTSD.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
Neural-specific alterations in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and cell signaling associated with two human ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency variants
Dookwah M, Wagner SK, Ishihara M, Yu SH, Ulrichs H, Kulik MJ, Zeltner N, Dalton S, Strauss KA, Aoki K, Steet R, Tiemeyer M (2021) Neural-specific alterations in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and cell signaling associated with two human ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency variants. bioRxiv 2021.07.29.454399. doi: 10.1101/2021.07.29.454399
Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)
How are adenosine and adenosine A2A receptors involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Mori A, Cross B, Uchida S, Kerrick Walker J, Ristuccia R (2021) How are adenosine and adenosine A2A receptors involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?. Biomedicines 9(8):1027. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027
Objective: To examine potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism, and to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as a target for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) therapy.
Summary: CTB-SAP is listed in a table of experimental animal models of ALS. Intrapleural CTB-SAP injected rats (neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death).
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Two decades of research towards a potential first anti-epileptic drug
Benassi SK, Alves JGSM, Guidoreni CG, Massant CG, Queiroz CM, Garrido-Sanabria E, Loduca RDS, Susemihl MA, Paiva WS, de Andrade AF, Teixeira MJ, Andrade JQ, Garzon E, Foresti ML, Mello LE (2021) Two decades of research towards a potential first anti-epileptic drug. Seizure 90:99-109. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.02.031 PMID: 33714677
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of biperiden in preventing the development of epilepsy in patients that suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI), in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Summary: Biperiden, a selective M1 anti-muscarinic drug, presented disease-modifying actions in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. The presented evidence from epilepsy models gives further support to the authors’ strategy to concentrate efforts on anti-cholinergic compounds, rather than on classical anti-seizure drugs.
Usage: An i.c.v. injection into the right lateral ventricle of 5μL of 192-IgG-SAP (IT-01) at a 0.85 μg/μL concentration.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Generation of nanobodies targeting the human, transcobalamin-mediated vitamin B12 uptake route
Bloch JS, Sequeira JM, Ramírez AS, Quadros EV, Locher KP (2021) Generation of nanobodies targeting the human, transcobalamin-mediated vitamin B12 uptake route. bioRxiv 2021.08.16.456495. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.16.456495
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)