References

Li T, Zhao J, Xie W, Yuan W, Guo J, Pang S, Gan WB, Gómez-Nicola D, Zhang S (2021) Specific depletion of resident microglia in the early stage of stroke reduces cerebral ischemic damage. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02127-w

Summary: The role of activated microglia during the development of ischemia remains controversial. The authors investigate the function of reactive microglia in the early stage of ischemic stroke. The results showed that specific depletion of microglia resulted in a significant decrease in ischemic infarct volume and improved performance in motor ability 3 days after stroke.

Usage: Mac-1-SAP is used to specifically eliminate microglia. Hippocampal slices from mouse were incubated with 13-nM Mac-1-SAP for 3 to 7 days.

See: Montero M et al. Immunotoxic depletion of microglia in mouse hippocampal slice cultures enhances ischemia-like neurodegeneration. Brain Res 1291:140-152, 2009.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Sun S, Ding Z, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao M, Gao L, Chen Q, Xie S, Liu A, Yin S, Xu Z, Lu X (2021) Nanobody: a small antibody with big implications for tumor therapeutic strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 16:2337-2356. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S297631

Summary: This Journal Club commentary focuses on the publication by Kalinchuk et al.

Usage: The author refers to work with 192-IgG-SAP published by Blanco-Centurion et al. This group investigated whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in adenosine regulation of sleep. 6 µg of 192-IgG-SAP was administered to the lateral ventricle of rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Blanco-Centurion C et al. Adenosine and sleep homeostasis in the basal forebrain. J Neurosci 26(31):8092-8100, 2006.
• Kalinchuk AV et al. The role of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in adenosine-mediated homeostatic control of sleep: lessons from 192 IgG-saporin lesions. Neuroscience 157:238-253, 2008.

Fang J, Sia J, Soto J, Wang P, Li LK, Hsueh YY, Sun R, Faull KF, Tidball JG, Li S (2021) Skeletal muscle regeneration via the chemical induction and expansion of myogenic stem cells in situ or in vitro. Nat Biomed Eng 5(8):864-879. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00696-y PMID: 33737730

Objective: To show that myogenic stem cells expanded from obtainable dermal fibroblasts or skeletal muscle stem cells lead to functional muscle regeneration when transplanted into muscle injuries in adult, aged or dystrophic mice.

Summary: A cocktail of chemicals can selectively and efficiently expand myogenic cells from dermal fibroblast-like cells and skeletal muscle stromal cells. Also, nanoparticle-delivery of the chemical cocktail induces a robust in situ activation and expansion of satellite cells for adult and aged muscle regeneration.

Usage: Immunofluorescence staining (1:100)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Eu WZ, Chen YJ, Chen WT, Wu KY, Tsai CY, Cheng SJ, Carter RN, Huang GJ (2021) The effect of nerve growth factor on supporting spatial memory depends upon hippocampal cholinergic innervation. Transl Psychiatry 11(1):162. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01280-3

Objective: To determine whether the supportive effect of NGF on learning and memory is specifically dependent upon intact hippocampal cholinergic innervation.

Summary: The results demonstrate that the hippocampal cholinergic system is required for maintaining spatial memory function, without having an impact on anxiety.

Usage: Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6Narl mice were used for hippocampal cholinergic denervation. Mice received bilateral injections into the hippocampus; 0.2 μg of mu p75-SAP was administered per site.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Brodie-Kommit J, Clark BS, Shi Q, Shiau F, Kim DW, Langel J, Sheely C, Ruzycki PA, Fries M, Javed A, Cayouette M, Schmidt T, Badea T, Glaser T, Zhao H, Singer J, Blackshaw S, Hattar S (2021) Atoh7-independent specification of retinal ganglion cell identity. Sci Adv 7(11):eabe4983. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4983 PMID: 33712461

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Sato M, Saitoh I, Akasaka E, Inada E (2021) Development of a novel pipette tip-aided cell cloning method for the effective isolation of genome-edited porcine cell. OBM Genetics 5(1):16. doi: 10.21926/obm.genet.2101126

Summary: Isolation of clonal cells from a single colony is an essential step in the process of obtaining pure populations of stably-transfected clones after gene transfer and the subsequent drug selection. In the present study, a novel, simple, and non-invasive technique for the isolation of cells from single colonies using a disposable pipette tip was developed.

Usage: A toxin-based, drug-free selection system involving IB4-SAP was employed in the present study.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Geraghty T, Winter DR, Miller RJ, Miller RE, Malfait AM (2021) Neuroimmune interactions and osteoarthritis pain: focus on macrophages. Pain Rep 6(1):e892. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000892

Summary: The contribution of macrophages to osteoarthritis (OA) joint damage has garnered much attention in recent years. The authors discuss how macrophages participate in the initiation and maintenance of pain in OA and provide a review of preclinical models of OA.

Usage: Using the rat monoiodoacetate-induced (MIA) model of advanced knee OA, increased microglia were observed in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal horn by day 7; specific ablation of spinal microglia through intrathecal injections of Mac-1-SAP (15 mcg per intrathecal injection on days 0, 1, and 2), attenuated mechanical allodynia by days 5 and 7 after MIA.

See: Mousseau M et al. Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain. Sci Adv 4:1-12, 2018.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Andriessen AS, Donnelly CR, Ji RR (2021) Reciprocal interactions between osteoclasts and nociceptive sensory neurons in bone cancer pain. Pain Rep 6(1):e867. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000867

Summary: Current pharmacotherapies available for bone cancer pain are insufficient to provide safe and efficacious pain relief. The authors discuss the mechanisms used by cancer cells within the bone tumor microenvironment (TME) to drive bone cancer pain.

Usage: Microglial ablation using Mac-1-SAP (15 μg in 8.8 μl i.t.) and Saporin control (Cat. #PR-01, 8.8 μg in 8.8 μl), is sufficient to attenuate nerve injury-induced pain in male, but not female mice.

See: Sorge R et al. Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice. Nat Neurosci 18:1081-1083, 2015.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Masoumi KC, Huang X, Sime W, Mirkov A, Munksgaard Thorén M, Massoumi R, Lundgren-Åkerlund E (2021) Integrin α10-antibodies reduce glioblastoma tumor growth and cell migration. Cancers (Basel) 13(5):1184. doi: 10.3390/cancers13051184

Summary: The authors investigated the treatment effect of two antibodies that have been developed to target the protein integrin 10, which is present on the surface of Glioblastoma (GB) cells. Function-blocking integrin alpha10, beta1-antibodies inhibit GB tumor growth as well as the migration of GB cells. This further validates integrin alpha10, beta1 as a promising target in GB and suggests a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GB and other high-grade gliomas.

Usage: Infusions of anti-integrin α10β1-SAP or Anti-ctrl-SAP were made icv (1 µg/2 L per infusion).

See: Thorén MM et al. Integrin α10, a Novel Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma, Regulates Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 11(4):587, 2019.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Ebadi R, Rabiee F, Kordi-Tamandani D, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K (2021) Fndc5 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of neurotrophins and their respective receptors during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Hum Cell 34(3):847-861. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00517-z PMID: 33683654

Objective: To evaluate whether knockdown of Fibronectin type III domain-containing-5 (Fndc5) decreases neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by affecting the neurotrophins and their receptor expression.

Summary: Results suggest that decreased efficiency of neural differentiation following the reduction of Fndc5 expression could be attributed to decreased levels of NGF and BDNF proteins in addition to their cognate receptors.

Usage: Western blot (1:4000)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)