References

Hankerd K (2021) Female-specific mechanisms of nociplastic pain in murine model. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept Neuroscience Thesis.

Objective: To study nociplastic pain the authors developed a murine model in which postinjury thermal stimulation of injured area triggers the transition to a nociplastic pain state more readily in females.

Summary: Postinjury stimulation of an injured area triggers the transition from transient pain to nociplastic pain, females are more susceptible to this transition, and allyl isothiocyanate -sensitive afferents at the previously injured area maintain the nociplastic pain state in a female gonadal hormone-dependent manner.

Usage: Intrathecal injection of Mac-1-SAP (IT-06) 8.85 mM in mice.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

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Borkowski LF, Keilholz AN, Smith CL, Canda KA, Nichols NL (2021) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) delivery differentially impacts phrenic long-term facilitation in rats with motor neuron death induced by intrapleural CTB-SAP injections. Exp Neurol 347:113892. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113892

Objective: To determine the effect of ketoprofen delivery on enhanced phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF)

Summary: pLTF was surprisingly attenuated in 7d CTB-SAP rats and enhanced in 28d CTB-SAP rats (both p < 0.05) following ketoprofen delivery.

Usage: Rats received bilateral intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP; 25 μg dissolved in PBS.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Schulze J, Staecker H, Wedekind D, Lenarz T, Warnecke A (2022) Expression pattern of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its associated receptors: Implications for exogenous neurotrophin application. Hear Res 413:108098. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108098 PMID: 33143996

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the inner ear, by analyzing the expression of mature BDNF (mBDNF), its proform proBDNF and their respective receptors the low affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2).

Summary: Treatment with proBDNF is not toxic for spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) survival but simultaneously not protective. However, combined treatment of mBDNF and proBDNF maintained and perhaps slightly increased the protective effect of mBDNF.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:250); AB-N01AP: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Joshi R, Batie MR, Fan Q, Varisco BM (2022) Mouse lung organoid responses to reduced, increased, and cyclic stretch. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 322(1):L162-L173. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00310.2020 PMID: 34851724

Objective: To test two mouse lung organoid mechanotransductive models to address deficiencies in cell culture models.

Summary: Cyclic stretch increased TGF-β and integrin-mediated signaling, with upstream analysis indicating roles for histone deacetylases, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs.

Usage: Immunostaining

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Thorsdottir DJ (2021) The role of BDNF-mediated neuroplasticity in cardiovascular regulation within the hypothalamus and brainstem. Univ Vermont, Dept Pharmacology 1387Thesis.

Summary: This PhD dissertation to determine the mechanism behind BDNF-mediated cardiovascular regulation.

Usage: Rats received bilateral NTS injections of vehicle or Anti-DBH-SAP, which selectively lesions catecholaminergic neurons. Treatment increased blood pressure in the GFP group but failed to affect blood pressure in the BDNF group.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Persaud SP, Ritchey JK, Kim S, Lim S, Ruminski PG, Cooper ML, Rettig MP, Choi J, DiPersio JF (2021) Antibody-drug conjugates plus Janus kinase inhibitors enable MHC-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Invest 131(24):e145501. doi: 10.1172/JCI145501

Objective: To demonstrate that biotinylated anti-CD45-SAP or anti-cKit-SAP mixed with Streptavidin-Saporin along with Janus kinase 1/2, enables alloengraftment on murine allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) models.

Summary: HSCT has therapeutic potential. However, the transplantation requires first depletion and secondly, for allogeneic-HCST, host and immune responses need to be controlled to prevent graft rejection. The allo-HSCT conditioning strategy exemplifies the promise of immunotherapy to improve the safety of HSCT for treating hematologic diseases.

Usage: Antibodies were incubated with Streptavidin-ZAP (1:1 molar ratio) for 15 minutes at 20°C and . The doses of CD45.2 and cKit conjugates were injected retroorbitally (41.8 μg and 33.2 μg, respectively).

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Sanna F, Bratzu J, Angioni L, Pina Sorighe M, Cocco C, Argiolas A, Melis MR (2021) Oxytocin-conjugated saporin injected into the substantia nigra of male rats alters the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: A behavioral and neurochemical study. Brain Res 1773:147705. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147705 PMID: 34744015

Objective: To investigate the effects of Oxytocin-SAP in the substantia nigra of male rats, and assess its impact on nigral Tyrosine Hydroxylase-immunoreactivity, dopamine content, locomotor activity, rotational turning, and striatal dopamine function.

Summary: Researchers investigated the effects of injecting oxytocin-conjugated Saporin into the substantia nigra of male rats. They found that this treatment led to changes in the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, as evidenced by alterations in behavior and neurochemical markers associated with dopamine function.

Usage: Oxytocin-SAP (60 ng/μl and 120 ng/μl) was injected unilaterally into the substantia nigra of male rats, respectively, compared to Blank-SAP.

Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Li Y, Hollis E (2021) Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons selectively drive coordinated motor learning in mice. J Neurosci 41(49):10148-10160. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1152-21.2021 PMID: 34750228

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Joshi BS, Ortiz D, Zuhorn IS (2021) Converting extracellular vesicles into nanomedicine: loading and unloading of cargo. Materials Today Nano 16:100148. doi: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2021.100148

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of (i) methods for the loading of EVs with therapeutic cargo, (ii) methods for EV surface functionalization to direct EVs to target cells, and (iii) methods to stimulate cargo release from EVs.

Summary: Development of methodologies to offload the natural cargo of EVs and substitute it for a cargo of interest, i.e., similar to the generation of empty viral capsids, may further aid in higher loading efficiency and enhanced therapeutic effects with improved safety.

Usage: Saporin, a small (30 kDa) ribosome-inactivating protein that induces cytotoxicity by inhibiting protein synthesis,was successfully loaded into EVs by electroporation.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

See Also:

• Nakase I Intracellular delivery methods using biofunctional peptide-modified extracellular vesicles. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids 1:44, 2020. American Society for Exosomes and Microvesicles 2020 Annual Meeting

Bortz J, Klatt KC, Wallace TC (2021) Perspective: Estrogen and the risk of cognitive decline: a missing choline(rgic) link?. Adv Nutr 13(2):376-387. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab145

Objective: Explore the relationship between cognitive aging and sex hormones, the cholinergic system, and choline as an essential nutrient.

Summary: This perspective identifies numerous areas for future preclinical and clinical research, highlighting the need for randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women to assess the impact of choline supplementation on cognitive decline, with appropriate consideration of the estrogen availability, critical windows, dose, and PEMT genotype.

Usage: The authors reference a publication about the effects of estrogen on cognitive improvements where 192-IgG-SAP was used as a specific cholinergic system lesioning tool.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Gibbs RB Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are necessary for estrogen to enhance acquisition of a delayed matching-to-position T-maze task. Horm Behav 42(3):245-257, 2002.
• Gibbs RB et al. Donepezil plus estradiol treatment enhances learning and delay-dependent memory performance by young ovariectomized rats with partial loss of septal cholinergic neurons. Horm Behav 59(4):503-511, 2011.