Keilhoz A, Pathak I, Smith CL, Osman KL, Smith L, Oti G, Golzy M, Mz L, Lever TE, Nichols NL (2024) Tongue exercise ameliorates structural and functional upper airway deficits in a rodent model of hypoglossal motor neuron loss. Front Neurol 15:1441529. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1441529 PMID: 39296960

Objective: To investigate the effects of a strength endurance tongue exercise program on upper airway structure and function.

Summary: Results showed that sham exercise-treated CTB-SAP rats have evidence of upper airway restriction (i.e., reduced airflow) and structural changes present in the upper airway (i.e., airway compression) when compared to rats treated with CTB-SAP and exercise and control rats with/without tongue exercise, which were ameliorated with tongue exercise. Additionally, CTB-SAP treated, sham exercise rats have evidence of increased lipid expression in the tongue consistent with previously observed tongue hypertrophy when compared to CTB-SAP treated exercise rats or control rats with/without tongue exercise.

Usage: Intralingual injection of either unconjugated CTB+SAP (20 μg CTB+25 μg SAP) or conjugated CTB-SAP (25 μg of CTB conjugated to SAP).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Recombinant Cholera Toxin B (Cat. #PR-14), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Boucher A (2024) Unveiling cholera toxin binding and intoxication using enteroids and site-specific mutants. Univ Gothenburg Thesis.

Objective: To investigate the binding site requirements of cholera toxin in the human body.

Summary: The cause of cholera symptoms is cholera toxin secreted by bacteria once in the small intestine. Cholera toxin has multiple binding sites that lead to many different intake mechanisms. By identifying the binding sites responsible, the study seeks to lay the groundwork for better means of treatment.

Usage: Leukocytes were treated with biotinylated Cholera toxin B binding-deficient mutants mixed with Streptavidin-SAP (IT-27) and assessed for cell death.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Recombinant Cholera Toxin B (Cat. #PR-14)

Maki Y, Kawata K, Liu Y, Goo KY, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y, Satoh A (2022) Design and synthesis of glycosylated cholera toxin b subunit as a tracer of glycoprotein trafficking in organelles of living cells. Chemistry 28(37):e202201253. doi: 10.1002/chem.202201253 PMID: 35604098

Related Products: Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)

Haigh JL , Williamson DJ , Poole E , Guo Y , Zhou D , Webb ME , Deuchars SA , Deuchars J , Turnbull WB (2020) A versatile cholera toxin conjugate for neuronal targeting and tracing. Chem Commun (Camb) 56(45:6098-6101. doi: 10.1039/d0cc01085e PMID: 32355935

Related Products: Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)

Lai BQ, Qiu XC, Zhang K, Zhang RY, Jin H, Li G, Shen HY, Wu JL, Ling EA, Zeng YS (2015) Cholera toxin b subunit shows transneuronal tracing after injection in an injured sciatic nerve. PLoS One 10(12):e0144030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144030 PMID: 26640949

Related Products: Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)

Zhou N, Hao Z, Zhao X, Maharjan S, Zhu S, Song Y, Yang B, Lu L (2015) A novel fluorescent retrograde neural tracer: cholera toxin B conjugated carbon dots. Nanoscale 7(38:15635-15342. doi: 10.1039/c5nr04361a PMID: 26285001

Related Products: Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)

Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Martin CL, Arnolda LF, Minson JB (2000) Tracer-toxins: cholera toxin B-saporin as a model. J Neurosci Methods 103(1):83-90. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00298-3 PMID: 11074098

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Cholera Toxin B, Recombinant (Cat. #PR-14)